동물실험에서 인삼의 항비만 효과: 체계적 고찰과 메타분석을 위한 연구 프로토콜 Anti-Obesity Effect of Panax Ginseng in Animal Models: Study Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis원문보기
최근 비만이 전 세계적인 문제로 대두되면서 임상 연구의 해석에 필요한 중요 자료를 제시해 줄 수 있는 동물 모델을 이용한 생리학적 기전 연구에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 인삼은 많은 동물 실험에서 항비만 또는 항당뇨 효과가 보고되었으나 인체의 임상에서 비만을 연구한 논문은 거의 없는 실정이다. 이 연구에서는 신체계측치수와 대사지표를 활용한 동물 모델에서의 인삼의 항비만 효과의 근거수준을 평가하고자 한다. 전임상 단계에서 비만에 대한 인삼의 효과를 연구한 대조군 연구, 비교 연구를 포함시키고자 한다. 실험적으로 비만을 유도하는 도중 혹은 이후에 인삼을 투여하고, 일차평가변수는 신체계측치수, 이차평가변수는 지방조직의 무게, 섭취음식의 총량, 대사지표 등을 포함한다. 언어, 출판일 등 특별한 제한 없이 MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus를 통해 논문 검색을 시행한다. 본 연구에서의 자료 수집은 개인 정보를 포함하지 않으며, 사생활 침해의 우려가 없으므로 윤리적 승인 대상에서 제외된다. 연구의 전체과정을 수행한 후 연구결과는 연관 저널에 출간하거나 관련 학회에 발표할 예정이다. 본 연구 프로토콜은 the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies (CAMARADES) website (http://www.camarades.info)에 등록되었다.
최근 비만이 전 세계적인 문제로 대두되면서 임상 연구의 해석에 필요한 중요 자료를 제시해 줄 수 있는 동물 모델을 이용한 생리학적 기전 연구에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 인삼은 많은 동물 실험에서 항비만 또는 항당뇨 효과가 보고되었으나 인체의 임상에서 비만을 연구한 논문은 거의 없는 실정이다. 이 연구에서는 신체계측치수와 대사지표를 활용한 동물 모델에서의 인삼의 항비만 효과의 근거수준을 평가하고자 한다. 전임상 단계에서 비만에 대한 인삼의 효과를 연구한 대조군 연구, 비교 연구를 포함시키고자 한다. 실험적으로 비만을 유도하는 도중 혹은 이후에 인삼을 투여하고, 일차평가변수는 신체계측치수, 이차평가변수는 지방조직의 무게, 섭취음식의 총량, 대사지표 등을 포함한다. 언어, 출판일 등 특별한 제한 없이 MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus를 통해 논문 검색을 시행한다. 본 연구에서의 자료 수집은 개인 정보를 포함하지 않으며, 사생활 침해의 우려가 없으므로 윤리적 승인 대상에서 제외된다. 연구의 전체과정을 수행한 후 연구결과는 연관 저널에 출간하거나 관련 학회에 발표할 예정이다. 본 연구 프로토콜은 the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies (CAMARADES) website (http://www.camarades.info)에 등록되었다.
Recently the global epidemic problem of obesity has stimulated intense interest in the study of physiological mechanisms using animal models as a way to gain crucial data required for translation to human studies. Panax ginseng has been reported to have anti-obesity or antidiabetic effects in many a...
Recently the global epidemic problem of obesity has stimulated intense interest in the study of physiological mechanisms using animal models as a way to gain crucial data required for translation to human studies. Panax ginseng has been reported to have anti-obesity or antidiabetic effects in many animal studies; however, there have been few studies investigating human obesity. Herein, we will assess and examine the evidence supporting the anti-obesity effect of Panax ginseng in animal models with respect to anthropometric and metabolic outcomes. We will include controlled, comparative studies assessing the effect of Panax ginseng in preclinical studies of obesity. Panax ginseng will be administered during or following the induction of experimental obesity. The primary outcome measure will be anthropometric assessment and the secondary outcome measures will include adipose tissue weight, total amount of food consumed and metabolic parameters. We will search MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus without language, publication date, or other restrictions. Ethical approval will not be necessary as the data collected in this study will not be individual patient data, consequently there will be no concerns about violations of privacy. After finishing the whole procedure, the results will be disseminated by publication in a peer-reviewed journal or presented at a relevant conference. This protocol has been registered on the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies (CAMARADES) website (http://www.camarades.info).
Recently the global epidemic problem of obesity has stimulated intense interest in the study of physiological mechanisms using animal models as a way to gain crucial data required for translation to human studies. Panax ginseng has been reported to have anti-obesity or antidiabetic effects in many animal studies; however, there have been few studies investigating human obesity. Herein, we will assess and examine the evidence supporting the anti-obesity effect of Panax ginseng in animal models with respect to anthropometric and metabolic outcomes. We will include controlled, comparative studies assessing the effect of Panax ginseng in preclinical studies of obesity. Panax ginseng will be administered during or following the induction of experimental obesity. The primary outcome measure will be anthropometric assessment and the secondary outcome measures will include adipose tissue weight, total amount of food consumed and metabolic parameters. We will search MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus without language, publication date, or other restrictions. Ethical approval will not be necessary as the data collected in this study will not be individual patient data, consequently there will be no concerns about violations of privacy. After finishing the whole procedure, the results will be disseminated by publication in a peer-reviewed journal or presented at a relevant conference. This protocol has been registered on the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies (CAMARADES) website (http://www.camarades.info).
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
문제 정의
To the best of our knowledge, no systematic review or meta-analysis has reported critical evidence regarding the potential benefits of ginseng in animal models of obesity. Based on this study, we will assess and examine the evidence supporting the anti-obesity effect of Panax ginseng in animal models on anthropometric and metabolic outcomes.
This systematic review will inform translational and clinical scientists, clinicians, and health regulators regarding existing preclinical evidence relevant to Panax ginseng in animal obesity models. Many experimental studies on the anti-obesity effects of Panax ginseng have already been published; however, no clinical trials designed for human evaluation have been reported yet.
Furthermore, the international community of researchers conducting systematic reviews of preclinical animal studies, such as the CAMARADES and the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), are encouraging the research community to perform of more high-quality systematic reviews41). With this as our goal, we will investigate the challenges and limitations related to the conduct of these preclinical studies.
제안 방법
To determine whether the included studies have sufficient homogeneity to allow for a meta-analysis, we will conduct the analysis of between-study heterogeneity by calculating I2 inconsistency values. Heterogeneity will be defined according to the range of the I2; 0% to 40% indicating no important heterogeneity, 40% to 60% indicating moderate heterogeneity, 60% to 90% indicating substantial heterogeneity, and ＞90% indicating considerable heterogeneity34).
후속연구
Many experimental studies on the anti-obesity effects of Panax ginseng have already been published; however, no clinical trials designed for human evaluation have been reported yet. Therefore, a systematic analysis of experimental studies is necessary to evaluate the feasibility prior to future clinical trials. There are several examples that have shown that systematic reviews of preclinical animal studies carried out prior to the start of clinical trials can save resources and can lead to improved safety for participants in clinical trials36,37).
Heterogeneity will be defined according to the range of the I2; 0% to 40% indicating no important heterogeneity, 40% to 60% indicating moderate heterogeneity, 60% to 90% indicating substantial heterogeneity, and ＞90% indicating considerable heterogeneity34). These results will be used to determine whether the included studies have sufficient homogeneity to allow for a meta-analysis. In the presence of the heterogeneity of included studies, a narrative synthesis will be presented.
참고문헌 (41)
Pollack A. AMA recognizes obesity as a disease. New York : NY Times. 2013 : 18.
The American Medical Association. AMA adopts new policies on second day of voting at annual meeting. Press Release. 2013 ; 21 : 35.
Gortmaker SL, Swinburn BA, Levy D, Carter R, Mabry PL, Finegood D, et al. Changing the future of obesity: science, policy, and action. Lancet. 2011 ; 378(9793) : 838-47.
Kaiyala KJ, Schwartz MW. Toward a more complete (and less controversial) understanding of energy expenditure and its role in obesity pathogenesis. Diabetes. 2011 ; 60(1) : 17-23.
Jung NP, Jin SH. Studies on the physiological and biochemical effects of Korean ginseng. Korean J Ginseng Sci. 1996 ; 20 : 431-71.
Han LK, Kimura Y, Kawashima M, Takaku T, Taniyama T, Hayashi T, et al. Anti-obesity effects in rodents of dietary teasaponin, a lipase inhibitor. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001 ; 25(10) : 1459-64.
Karu N, Reifen R, Kerem Z. Weight gain reduction in mice fed Panax ginseng saponin, a pancreatic lipase inhibitor. J Agric Food Chem. 2007 ; 55(8) : 2824-8.
Kim JH, Kang SA, Han SM, Sim I. Comparison of the antiobesity effects of the protopanaxadiol- and protopanaxatriol-type saponins of red ginseng. Phytother Res. 2009 ; 23(1) : 78-85.
Kim JH, Hahm DH, Yang DC, Kim JH, Lee HJ, Shim I. Effect of crude saponin of Korean red ginseng on high-fat diet-induced obesity in the rat. J Pharmacol Sci. 2005 ; 97(1) : 124-31.
Hwang JT, Kim SH, Lee MS, Kim SH, Yang HJ, Kim MJ. Anti-obesity effects of ginsenoside Rh2 are associated with the activation of AMPK signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocyte. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 ; 364(4) : 1002-8.
Hwang JT, Lee MS, Kim HJ, Sung MJ, Kim HY, Kim MS. Antiobesity effect of ginsenoside Rg3 involves the AMPK and PPAR- $\gamma$ signal pathways. Phytother Res. 2009 ; 23(2) : 262-6.
Song YB, An YR, Kim SJ, Park HW, Jung JW, Kyung JS. Lipid metabolic effect of Korean red ginseng extract in mice fed on a high-fat diet. J Sci Food Agric. 2012 ; 92(2) : 388-96.
Peters JL, Sutton AJ, Jones DR, Rushton L, Abrams KR. A systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of animal experiments with guidelines for reporting. J Environ Sci Health B. 2006 ; 41 : 1245-58.
Sena ES, Currie GL, McCann SK, Macleod MR, Howells DW. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis of preclinical studies: why perform them and how to appraise them critically. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2014 ; 34(5) : 737-42.
McGowan J, Sampson M, Lefebvre C. An evidence based checklist for the peer review of electronic search strategies (PRESS EBC). Evid Based Libr Inf Pract. 2010 ; 5(1) : 149-54.
De Vries RBM, Hooijmans CR, Tillema A, Leenaars M, Ritskes-Hoitinga M. A search filter for increasing the retrieval of animal studies in Embase. Lab Anim. 2011 ; 45(4) : 268-70.
Hooijmans CR, Tillema A, Leenaars M, Ritskes-Hoitinga M. Enhancing search efficiency by means of a search filter for finding all studies on animal experimentation in PubMed. Lab Anim. 2010 ; 44(3) : 170-5.
Leenaars M, Hooijmans CR, van Veggel N, ter Riet G, Leeflang M, Hooft L, et al. A step-by-step guide to systematically identify all relevant animal studies. Lab Anim. 2012 ; 46(1) : 24-31.
Kilkenny C, Browne W, Cuthill IC, Emerson M, Altman DG, National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Amimals in Research. Animal research: reporting in vivo experiments: the ARRIVE guidelines. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2011 ; 31(4) : 991-3.
Lamontagne F, Briel M, Duffett M, Fox-Robichaud A, Cook DJ, Guyatt G, et al. Systematic review of reviews including animal studies addressing therapeutic interventions for sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2010 ; 38(12) : 2401-8.
Perel P, Roberts I, Sena E, Wheble P, Briscoe C, Sndercock P, et al. Comparison of treatment effects between animal experiments and clinical trials: systematic review. BMJ. 2007 ; 334 : 197.
Hooijmans CR, de Vries RBM, Rovers MM, Gooszen HG, Ritskes-Hoitinga M. The effects of probiotic supplementation on experimental acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2012 ; 7 : e48811.
Hooijmans CR, Ritskes-Hoitinga M. Progress in using systematic reviews of animal studies to improve translational research. PLoS Med. 2013 ; 10 : e1001482.
Ritskes-Hoitinga M, Leenaars M, Avey M, Rovers M, Scholten R. Systematic reviews of preclinical animal studies can make significant contributions to health care and more transparent translational medicine. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 ; 3 : ED000078.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.