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생명과학회지 = Journal of life science, v.27 no.6 = no.206, 2017년, pp.708 - 725
이무석 (부산대학교병원 핵의학과) , 이종규 (부경대학교 물리학과) , 남지호 (양산부산대학교병원 방사선종양학과) , 하태영 (양산부산대학교병원 방사선종양학과) , 임영현 (양산부산대학교병원 핵의학과) , 길상형 (양산부산대학교병원 핵의학과)
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Ionizing radiation is enough energy to interact with matter to remove orbital electrons, neutrons, and protons in the atom. Ionizing radiation like this leads to oxidizing metabolism that alter molecular structure through direct and indirect interactions of radiation with the deoxyribonucleic acid i...
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| 핵심어 | 질문 | 논문에서 추출한 답변 |
|---|---|---|
| 세포와 전리방사선의 직·간접적 상호작용 중 직접작용은 무엇인가? | 세포는 전리방사선과 직접적·간접적으로 상호작용을 한다. 직접작용은 중성자나 중입자선과 같이 높은 선 에너지 전달 (Linear energy transfer, LET)의 전리방사선이나 고 에너지의 X선, γ선이 단백질 또는 DNA처럼 큰 분자를 표적으로 직접 작용하여 돌연변이 유발, 염색체 재배열, 소핵 형성하여 세포를 사멸시키는 것이다[17, 71]. 현재까지, 방사선 생물학 연구는 직접적으로 전리방사선과 세포핵 DNA와의 상호작용이 DNA를 손상시킨다고 널리 알려져 있지만, 지난 20년 동안 방사선 생물학의 패러다임은 전리방사선이 세포에 직접 조사 되어 유도되는 것이 아닌, 비표적 효과로 바뀌어 왔다[39, 67, 94]. | |
| 전리방사선은 어떤 현상을 일으키는가? | 전리방사선은 물질과 상호작용하여 원자내의 중성자나 양성자, 궤도전자를 충분히 제거시킬 수 있는 에너지이다. 이와 같은 전리방사선은 DNA이나 세포질 소기관과 세포질의 방사선 분해 생성물을 통해 직접적, 간접적으로 상호작용하여 분자구조를 변화시키는 산화적 대사를 일으킨다. 이러한 전리 현상은 분자수준에서 조직을 손상시키고, 세포 기능을 파괴할 수 있다. | |
| 고LET의 전리방사선이 일으킨 세포질 손상에 의한 잠재적인 영향이 알려지지 않은 이유는 무엇인가? | 고LET의 전리방사선은 세포핵보다 세포질에 조사되는 것이 많아도 세포질 손상에 의한 잠재적인 영향, ROS에 유도된 유전체의 불안정성 및 다른 염색체 손상의 유도에 대해서는 알려지지 않았다. 이것은 주로 세포핵에 영향을 미치지 않으면서 세포질을 선택적으로 표적화하는 기술적 어려움 때문이다. X선이나 γ선과 같은 저 선량, 저 LET 전리방사선은 암 발생, 의료이용, 방사선 작업종사자 같은 직업인, 원전사고처럼 다양한 위험에 노출될 기회가 많아서 사회적으로도 중요하다. |
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