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반복 경두개자기자극술의 우울증 치료효과 및 최신동향에 대한 고찰
Clinical Efficacy of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Treatment of Depression and Latest Trends in TMS Techniques 원문보기

생물정신의학 = Korean journal of biological psychiatry, v.24 no.3, 2017년, pp.95 - 109  

김신태 (연세대학교 의과대학) ,  김혜원 (연세대학교 의과대학 정신건강의학교실) ,  김세주 (연세대학교 의과대학 정신건강의학교실) ,  강지인 (연세대학교 의과대학 정신건강의학교실)

초록
AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

본 종설에서는 우울증에서의 rTMS 임상연구를 임상특성과 TMS 적용방법을 고려하여 체계적으로 고찰하였으며 새로운 TMS 치료기법에 대해 살펴보았다. rTMS는 항우울제에 반응이 적은 단극성 우울증 환자의 치료에 병용 혹은 단독요법으로 사용될 수 있는 안전하고 비침습적인 뇌조절술이다. rTMS는 고빈도 좌측 DLPFC, 저빈도 우측 DLPFC, 그리고 양측성 DLPFC 적용방법이 비슷한 수준으로 허위자극에 비해 유의하게 항우울효과를 가지고 있다. 그러나 치료저항성 단극성 우울증에 대한 항우울효과 크기는 작았다. 또한 정신병적 증상이 동반된 우울증의 치료와 양극성 장애의 우울삽화에 대해서는 치료효과가 불분명하다. 기존 rTMS의 항우울효과 크기는 작은 정도로 그 효과를 증진시키기 위해 고용량의 자극, 보다 깊이 자극할 수 있는 코일을 이용한 rTMS 치료, 표적영역에 보다 정확하게 코일을 위치시키는 신경항법 등을 이용한 TMS 적용 등의 새로운 시도들이 진행되고 있다. 또한 세타돌발자극과 자기경련치료와 같은 새로운 치료기법을 이용한 시도가 우울증 치료의 새로운 장을 열고 있다. 비록 현재까지 rTMS의 항우울효과가 만족할 만한 수준은 아니지만 임상양상을 세분화한 치료적용과 개선된 치료기법의 적용 등을 통해 더 많은 후속 연구가 이루어질 필요가 있다. 또한 여러 형태의 TMS 기법에 대해 잘 설계된 허위자극에 대한 통제연구뿐만 아니라 서로의 비교연구를 통해 우울증 치료에서의 근거수준을 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Abstract AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique which can change cortical excitability in targeted area by producing magnetic field pulses with an electromagnetic coil. rTMS treatment has been used to treat various neuropsychiatric disorders including ...

주제어

AI 본문요약
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문제 정의

  • 특히, 2008년 FDA 승인 이후에 치료저항성 우울증 환자를 대상으로 시행된 무작위 허위자극 통제(sham-controlled) 연구와 메타분석 연구의 결과들을 중심으로 항우울효과와 적합성을 기술하였다. 또한 뇌피질을 좀 더 깊이 자극할 수 있는 코일을 이용한 deep TMS를 이용하거나 표적위치를 보다 정확하게 자극하는 기술을 이용한 TMS 임상연구들을 살펴보았다. 이와 더불어 기존의 rTMS 적용기법을 넘어 우울증 치료에 새롭게 시도되고 있는 고용량(high-dose) rTMS 적용, 세타돌발자극(Theta-burst Stimulation, 이하 TBS), 자기경련치료(magnetic seizure therapy, 이하 MST) 등의 치료기술을 적용한 연구들을 고찰하여 TMS 치료의 최신 동향을 살펴보고자 하였다.
  • 본 종설에서는 우울증에서의 rTMS 임상연구를 임상특성과 TMS 적용방법을 고려하여 체계적으로 고찰하였으며 새로운 TMS 치료기법에 대해 살펴보았다. rTMS는 항우울제에 반응이 적은 단극성 우울증 환자의 치료에 병용 혹은 단독요 법으로 사용될 수 있는 안전하고 비침습적인 뇌조절술이다.
  • 또한 뇌피질을 좀 더 깊이 자극할 수 있는 코일을 이용한 deep TMS를 이용하거나 표적위치를 보다 정확하게 자극하는 기술을 이용한 TMS 임상연구들을 살펴보았다. 이와 더불어 기존의 rTMS 적용기법을 넘어 우울증 치료에 새롭게 시도되고 있는 고용량(high-dose) rTMS 적용, 세타돌발자극(Theta-burst Stimulation, 이하 TBS), 자기경련치료(magnetic seizure therapy, 이하 MST) 등의 치료기술을 적용한 연구들을 고찰하여 TMS 치료의 최신 동향을 살펴보고자 하였다.
  • 또한 TBS와 MST에 대한 논문은 ‘theta burst stimulation’ AND ‘depression’, 그리고 ‘magnetic sei-zure therapy’ AND ‘depression’의 키워드로 각각 검색하여 해당 주제에 부합하는 8개, 그리고 3개의 연구논문들을 선택하였다. 지금까지 진행된 대부분의 우울증 연구에서는 DLPFC 위치에 TMS 자극을 가했기 때문에 본 종설에서는 DLPFC 에 자극을 가한 연구를 분석하였다. 검색된 논문들은 초록을 먼저 리뷰하여 주제에 해당하는지 적합성을 판단하여 선별하였다.

가설 설정

  • 01). 38) 정신병적 우울증에 대한 rTMS 연구를 찾기 어려운 이유 중 가능성 있는 하나는 음성결과(negative result)는 출간하지 않는 현상과 관련될수 있겠다.
  • 53) 이러한 새로운 시도들은 향후 rTMS의 표적치료 및 심부 뇌 조절 가능성을 보여주는 하나의 시작이 될 수 있을 것이다.
본문요약 정보가 도움이 되었나요?

질의응답

핵심어 질문 논문에서 추출한 답변
rTMS는 어떠한 치료에 이용되고 있나? 1) rTMS는 뇌심부자극술(deep brain stim-ulation)에서 요하는 개두술이나 전기경련요법(electroconvul-sive therapy, 이하 ECT)에서 요하는 발작 유도 없이 뇌 신경계 조절이 가능하여 비침습적이고 안전한 치료법으로 인정받고 있다. 2) 이러한 장점들이 있는 rTMS는 지난 30년간 우울증, 조현병, 강박장애, 뚜렛증후군 등을 포함한 다양한 정신질 환의 치료에 시도되고 있다. 3)4)
반복 경두개자기자극술이란 무엇인가? 반복 경두개자기자극술(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, 이하 rTMS)은 전자기코일을 통해 국소적으로 자기장을 형성하여 대뇌 특정부위 뇌세포의 활성도를 조절할 수있는 치료기술이다. 1) rTMS는 뇌심부자극술(deep brain stim-ulation)에서 요하는 개두술이나 전기경련요법(electroconvul-sive therapy, 이하 ECT)에서 요하는 발작 유도 없이 뇌 신경계 조절이 가능하여 비침습적이고 안전한 치료법으로 인정받고 있다.
반복 경두개자기자극술의 장점은 무엇인가? 반복 경두개자기자극술(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, 이하 rTMS)은 전자기코일을 통해 국소적으로 자기장을 형성하여 대뇌 특정부위 뇌세포의 활성도를 조절할 수있는 치료기술이다. 1) rTMS는 뇌심부자극술(deep brain stim-ulation)에서 요하는 개두술이나 전기경련요법(electroconvul-sive therapy, 이하 ECT)에서 요하는 발작 유도 없이 뇌 신경계 조절이 가능하여 비침습적이고 안전한 치료법으로 인정받고 있다. 2) 이러한 장점들이 있는 rTMS는 지난 30년간 우울증, 조현병, 강박장애, 뚜렛증후군 등을 포함한 다양한 정신질 환의 치료에 시도되고 있다.
질의응답 정보가 도움이 되었나요?

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