[논문]벼-담수어 복합생태농업이 논습지 식생다양성에 미치는 영향 분석

공민재; 김창현; 이상민; 박광래; 안난희; 조정래; 김봉래; 임종악; 이창원; 김형수; 남홍식; 손진관

doi:10.17663/jwr.2018.20.4.398

벼-담수어 복합생태농업이 논습지 식생다양성에 미치는 영향 분석
The Effect Analysis of Vegetation Diversity on Rice-Fish Mixed Farming System in Paddy Wetland 원문보기

한국습지학회지 = Journal of wetlands research, v.20 no.4, 2018년, pp.398 - 409

공민재 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업환경부) , 김창현 (단국대학교 녹지조경학과) , 이상민 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업환경부) , 박광래 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업환경부) , 안난희 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업환경부) , 조정래 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업환경부) , 김봉래 (진솔원) , 임종악 (전라남도 해양수산과학원) , 이창원 (전라북도 수산기술연구소) , 김형수 (국립수산과학원 중앙내수면연구소 내수면양식연구센터) , 남홍식 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업환경부) , 손진관 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업공학부)

초록
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최근 유기농법이 확산되며 벼농사와 더불어 맛과 영양소 측면에서 월등하게 높은 가치를 평가받는 미꾸리를 활용한 생태농법이 농업과 어업이 결합된 차세대 산업으로 급부상하고 있는 추세이다. 본 연구는 복합생태농업이 식생다양성 기능에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 수행하였다. 연구방법은 식생조사를 통한 식물학적 분류를 통해 분석하였다. 전체 연구대상지에서 식생조사 결과 38과 100속 107종 20변종 127종류가 출현하였다. 둠벙이 있는 복합생태논에서는 출현하였으나 둠벙이 없는 대조논에서 출현하지 않은 종은 총 15종류(Taxa)의 차이로 확인되어 둠벙의 유무에 따라 식생의 수분요구도 차이로 나타난 결과로 판단된다. 또한 생활형 분석결과 둠벙의 유무에 따라 접지, 일년생, 수생식물의 차이도 확인되었다. 출현한 귀화식물도 전국적으로 널리 분포하는 종으로 분석되었다. 습지출현빈도 분석결과 둠벙이 있는 복합생태논이 대조논에 비해 절대습지식물과 임의습지식물의 비율이 높게 나타났다. 본 연구결과 생육환경이 다양할수록 식생다양성은 높아질 것으로 판단된다. 하지만 유형별 통계적 유의성은 확인되지 않아 식생다양성 및 생물다양성 증진을 위해서 향후 둠벙의 유무, 면적, 둠벙의 깊이, 수문, 수질환경, 토양환경 등 다양한 환경적 요인 찾는 추가적인 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Organic farming practices including loach based ecosystem-farming have been demonstrated to be effective in conjunction with rice farming to increase yield and quality. This new form of farming combines agriculture and fishery and is quickly developing into a new industry. The current study investigated the effect of rice-fish mixed farming system on the vegetation-diversity function. Vegetation within the four study sites was surveyed and analyzed based on plant taxonomy. The vegetation survey demonstrated that 127 taxa of 38 families, 100 genera, 107 species, and 20 varieties occurred within the study sites. A total of 15 plant species taxa occurred in the rice-fish mixed paddy fields with a fish habitat and did not occur in the conventional paddy field lacking fish habitat. This difference is thought to arise from differences in moisture requirements for vegetation. Life form analysis demonstrated differences in hemicryptophytes, therophytes, and hydrophytes according to fish habitat. The naturalized plants identified were also determined to be species widely distributed throughout Korea. Frequency analysis demonstrated that the rice-fish mixed paddy fields with a fish habitat had a high ratio of both obligate and facultative wetland plants relative to the conventional paddy field. Based on the study results, it is likely that vegetation-diversity will increase with environment diversity. However, no statistical significance was observed according to paddy types. Future research should aim to identify additional environmental factors, including the existence of fish habitat, habitat area, depth of fish habitat, hydrological parameters, water quality, and paddy soil environment, to enhance vegetation-diversity and biocultural diversity.

주제어

표/그림 (9)

그림 Fig. 1. The cross section of two rice paddy fields.
표 Table 1. Analysis of the vegetation classification methods.
표 Table 2. The number of taxa surveyed at four investigation sites
표 Table 3. Life form analysis at organic and conventional farming sites.
표 Table 4. Naturalized plants at organic and conventional farming site.*.
표 Table 5. Comparison of naturalized ratio and urbanization index of different organic farming sites and conventional farming site.
표 Table 6. Plant frequencies at organic farming and conventional farming sites.
표 Table 7. Plant habitats at organic and conventional farming sites.
표 Table 8. Statistical analysis of study sites (ANOVA).

AI 본문요약
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문제 정의

This study surveyed and analyzed the vegetation-diversity in RFMF paddy fields growing organic rice using freshwater fish. The results demonstrate an improved growth environment, with improved vegetation-diversity.
Therefore, this study surveyed and analyzed vegetation diversity in the rice-fish mixed paddies of organic rice using freshwater fish, in an attempt to demonstrate ecological and environmental improvement, and to explore measures to improve vegetation-diversity.
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of RFMF on paddy wetland vegetation-diversity. Although there was a difference in vegetation-diversity according to fish habitat, no statistical significance was observed.

제안 방법

Unfortunately, few studies have been performed to determine the ecological impacts of RFMF. This study surveyed and analyzed the vegetation-diversity in RFMF paddy fields growing organic rice using freshwater fish. The results demonstrate an improved growth environment, with improved vegetation-diversity.

대상 데이터

Studies on rice-fish mixed farming system(RFMF) in Korea began with loach production in the early 2000s. Research is currently in progress in many cities across Korea including Namwon, Sanchung, Chungnam, Jeonbuk, Jeonnam, and Gyeongnam, using a wide range of fish species. Nonetheless, few studies exist on rice-fish mixed farming system(RFMF) processes for rice and freshwater fish production.
The study sites were organic rice farms based in Mundang-ri Hongdong-myun Hongsung Chungnam. The survey comprised four paddy fields.
The study sites were organic rice farms based in Mundang-ri Hongdong-myun Hongsung Chungnam. The survey comprised four paddy fields. Rice-fish mixed farming system(RFMF) paddy fields(Catfish, Loach, Crucian) formed fishway-style fish habitats along the paddy levees, containing freshwater during the winter.

데이터처리

ANOVA analysis was conducted based on the data collected from the four study sites (Table 8). The results of ANOVA based on the number of species in vegetation showed that 34.
Frequency was classified according to the vascular plant standards of the Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration (2012). Collected data was analyzed through ANOVA using the SPSS (WIN 19.0) program to demonstrate the difference in varying vegetation types, and to explore improvement measures.
Table 8. Statistical analysis of study sites (ANOVA).

이론/모형

Life form frequency was analyzed according to a RFMF model. Life form frequencies within catfish, loach, and crucian paddy fields with a fish habitat were: 0.

성능/효과

The results showed that a total of 127 taxa from 38 families, 100 genera, 107 species, and 20 varieties occurred across all study sites. By the number of species, 24 plants were from the family Gramineae (18.9%); 20 from Compositae (15.7%), 9 from Polygonaceae (7.1%), 8 from Cyperaceae (6.3%), 6 from Cruciferae and Scrophulariaceae (4.7%), 5 from Leguminosae (3.9%), 5 from Caryophyllaceae (3.9%), and 4 from Labiatae (3.1%). Plants from Gramineae and Compositae dominated all four study sites.
In the analysis of naturalized plant characteristics, a total of 19 taxa representing 9 families, 15 genera, 18 species, and1 variety were observed (Table 4). Among the 19 taxa of naturalized plants observed, 8 taxa of Compositae (42.
In the vegetation analysis according to RFMF types (Table 2), the numbers of plant species in the catfish paddy field were 75 taxa of 31 families, 62 genera, 63 species, and 12 varieties; 85 taxa of 30 families, 69 genera, 73 species, and 12 varieties in the loach paddy field. The largest diversity of vegetation occurred in the crucian paddy field, with a total of 91 taxa of 29 families, 76 genera, 76 species, and 15 varieties.
In the vegetation survey of the four study sites, 127 taxa of 38 families, 100 genera, 107 species, 20 varieties occurred. Plants of families Gramineae and Compositae were dominant in all four study sites.
In the frequency analysis, a total of 127 taxa were represented. Obligate wetland plants constituted 16 of the identified taxa(12.6%), 19 taxa were facultative wetland plants (15.0%), 8 taxa were facultative plants (6.3%), 6 taxa were facultative upland plants (4.7%), 75 taxa were obligate upland plants (59.1%), and cultivated species represented 3 taxa (2.4%). Obligate upland plants demonstrated the highest ratio.
Species commonly occurring across all study sites were: 11 plants of the family Gramineae, 6 of Compositae, 4 of Polygonaceae, 4 of Caryophyllaceae, 2 of Lemnaceae, and 1 each of Oxalidaceae, Pontederiaceae, and Ranunculaceae, totaling 39 taxa. Of these, the ratios of Artemisia princeps var.
In the vegetation analysis according to RFMF types (Table 2), the numbers of plant species in the catfish paddy field were 75 taxa of 31 families, 62 genera, 63 species, and 12 varieties; 85 taxa of 30 families, 69 genera, 73 species, and 12 varieties in the loach paddy field. The largest diversity of vegetation occurred in the crucian paddy field, with a total of 91 taxa of 29 families, 76 genera, 76 species, and 15 varieties. Conversely, the least diverse vegetation occurred in the conventional paddy field without any fish habitat.
The results of ANOVA based on the number of species in vegetation showed that 34.60±9.79-35.60±8.88 taxa occurred in the catfish, loach, and crucian paddy fields with a fish habitat, whereas 23.80±5.26 taxa occurred in the conventional paddy field without a fish habitat.
The numbers of species in each study site are presented in Appendix 1. The results showed that a total of 127 taxa from 38 families, 100 genera, 107 species, and 20 varieties occurred across all study sites. By the number of species, 24 plants were from the family Gramineae (18.

후속연구

This difference did not occur as a result of fish habitat, however, and was likely due to differences in freshwater fish species(catfish, loach, and crucian). Additional research will be necessary to uncover the underlying cause.
The ratio of vegetation occurrence was generally high in the rice-fish mixed paddy fields, but in general did not represent statistically significant differences. Further research is required to identify additional environmental factors, including the existence of fish habitat, habitat area, depth of fish habitat, hydrological parameters, water quality, and environment of paddy soil, in order to enhance vegetation- and bio-cultural diversity.
Although there was a difference in vegetation-diversity according to fish habitat, no statistical significance was observed. Further research will be required to identify additional environmental factors including existence of fish habitats, habitat area, depth of fish habitat, hydrological parameters, water quality, and environment of paddy soil in order to enhance vegetation-diversity and biodiversity.

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