[논문]Exploration of a New Method of Spatial Analysis to Predict the Pedestrian Pattern in the Circulation Spaces of Shopping Centers: The Case of Shenzhen

Bai, Xue; Yao, Shen

doi:10.21022/ijhrb.2018.7.2.171

Exploration of a New Method of Spatial Analysis to Predict the Pedestrian Pattern in the Circulation Spaces of Shopping Centers: The Case of Shenzhen 원문보기

International journal of high-rise buildings, v.7 no.2, 2018년, pp.171 - 183

Bai, Xue (Space Syntax Laboratory, University College London) , Yao, Shen (Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, University College London)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Turner and Penn (1) from UCL have proved that Visibility Graph Analysis (VGA) can be used as a more accurate method to predict the pedestrian distribution in building spaces. However, this methodology neglects certain elements that are of special influence on pedestrian distribution in buildings, especially the entrances and exits. Based on Space Syntax, this dissertation improves on the traditional method of Visibility Graph Analysis, using three shopping centers in Shenzhen as examples, attempts to explore a new parameter - "attenuation index of pedestrians at the entrances and exits" - using relevant data of the entrances and exits of the three cases, and combines it with traditional VGA analysis through weighted calculation, in order to provide more accurate predictions of pedestrian patterns in shopping centers.

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문제 정의

Burt for those projects that are still under construction, designers and developers might need the analysis technology of Space Syntax to predict the pedestrian movement of surrounding cities. Although this technology has been proved to be a mature application, the question is, how to connect it with the new methodology presented by this dissertation? This is still a subject awaiting future research and exploration.
As a result, this dissertation attempts to explore how to improve the accuracy of Space Syntax analysis on predicating pedestrian movements in commercial complex through interior circulation flow. In this research, entrances and exits of shopping centers will be taken into consideration as spatial elements, which are less affected by commercial operation.

제안 방법

All in-and-out passage-ways in each shopping center (inlets and outlets connected to the outdoors, subways and garages, as well as access to other buildings are included) are observed for 10 minutes per hour from 13:30 and 16:30 on two working days. The human traffic of these inlets and outlets across 6 hours are then estimated (by extrapolating the human traffic observed during 10 minutes per hour and multiplying this figure times 6) (4).
So in the selection of date for measurement, it was ensured that the three shopping centers were observed in clear weather with closely-matched temperatures, and that there were no outsize impacts from large commercial events. From this, the researchers developed two core datasets, including in-out entrance flow statistics as well as snapshot mapd of people flow.
Last but not least, the improvement of this methodology is based on the technology of two-dimensional VGA. The biggest limitation of VGA in Space Syntax is that it still reslies on the planar pattern of two dimensions.
Taking certain special elements (like commercial campaigns, landscape, decoration, lights, background music and air conditioner) out of the picture, and seeing these only through the perspective of space, the accessibility of a point in space is decided by the visual depth of its distance from different entrances and exits and its position in the whole spatial system. These two elements also dominate the density of pedestrians at a given point (pedestrians per unit area) (3).
The new methodology is applicable for the management and operation of shopping centers as well as the secondary design of spatial layout: such as predicting and analyzing the pedestrian patterns in public space so as to estimate the commercial values of stores, and to provide evidence for business plans. Meanwhile, this set of results can also inform the interior design after the shopping centers are completed.
This research aims to determine the issues caused by negligence of entrances and exits in current analysis technology, through practical case studies, exploring resolutions and ways to improve the methodology, and to promote the capability of Space Syntax in explaining pedestrian distribution in large public building spaces, as represented by commercial complexes, in order to develop a more accurate analysis and prediction technology for pedestrian distribution based on Space Syntax.
Through the comparative study of traditional VGA technology in Space Syntax and results from on-site testing, this dissertation discovers the key defect of current technology, and promotes the correlation between analysis results and the pedestrian patterns by bringing the collection of pedestrian statistics at entrances, specifically, into the spatial analysis of commercial complex.

대상 데이터

In this paper, three shopping centers situated in the central district of Shenzhen are chosen as the objects to be studied: MIXC, Yitian Holiday Plaza (YHP) and KK Mall. All of these are close to Shennan Avenue, the main road of central Shenzhen, and are also located at the junction of two subway lines.

후속연구

All the three cases are located in high-density areas of Shenzhen, and they are all shopping centers with similar circulation designs. Changing the object into other architectures or shopping centers of other types or with different background, the formula of this dissertation needs more in-depth research and many more cases to prove its accuracy.

참고문헌 (19)

Turner, A. and Penn, A. (1999) Making isovists syntactic: Isovist integration analysis. Proceedings of the 2nd International Space Syntax Symposium, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil, 29 March - 2 April 1999.
Turner, A., Doxa, M., O'sullivan, D., and Penn, A. (2001). From isovists to visibility graphs: a methodology for the analysis of architectural space. Environment Planning B: Planning and Design, 28(1), pp. 103-121.

상세보기
Yuo, T. S. T. and Lizieri, C. (2013). Tenant placement strategies within multi-level large-scale shopping centers. Journal of Real Estate Research, 35(1), pp. 25-51.

상세보기
Xue, B. (2015). Exploration on a new method of spatial analysis to predict the pedestrian pattern in the circulation spaces of shopping centres: the case of Shenzhen. (Master's dissertation, University College London).
Teknomo, K. (2006). Application of microscopic pedestrian simulation model. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 9(1), pp. 15-27.

상세보기
Brogan, D. C. and Johnson, N. L. (2003, May). Realistic human walking paths. In Computer Animation and Social Agents, 2003. 16th International Conference on (pp. 94-101). IEEE.
Varoudis, T. and Psarra, S. (2014). Beyond two dimensions: Architecture through three-dimensional visibility graph analysis. The Journal of Space Syntax, 5(1), pp. 91-108.
Varoudis, T. and Penn, A. (2015). Visibility, accessibility and beyond: Next generation visibility graph analysis. Proceedings of the 10th International Space Syntax Symposium, University College London.
Ying, Z., Wang, H., and Fu, M. (2016), A Study on Cognitive Intersections in Commercial Complexes A Case Study of Coastal Mall in Shenzhen [J]. Architect Journal, 2016(2): 52-55.
Yang, W. (2016), Analysis on the Circulation Organization of Shopping Mall by Space Syntax [J]. Architecture Technique, 2016(11): 116-118.
Xia, Z., Xu, L., and Wan, P. (2015). Pedestrian Distribution, Space and Function in High-rise Commercial Complex A Case Study of Three Rail Transit Commercial Complexes in Shanghai and Hong Kong [J]. Architect Journal, 2015 (2): 35-38
Zhuang, Y., Zhang, L., and Dai, X. (2012). Configurational Study of Pedestrian Flows in Multi-level Commercial Spaces [J]. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science Edition). 2012. 40(11): 1620-1626.
Fujitani M. and Kishimoto T. A study about the pedestrian distribution in the commercial buildings by the location of stores and the structure of the walking space [C]//Proceeding: 8th International Space Syntax Symposium, Santiago. 2012: 8094.
Wang, Z., Wen, F., Hu, Q. (2014). An Exploration on the Urbanity of Mixed-use Complex [J]. Architecture Technique. 2014(11).
Wang, Z. Li, X., Kan, W., and Wang, Q. (2014). Research on Combination Mode of Non-profit-oriented Function in Mixed-use Complex [J]. Urbanism and Architecture, 2014(13): 17-20.
Hillier, B. and Sheng, Q. (2014). The Now and Future of Space Syntax [J]. Architectural Journal. 2014(8): 60-65.
Saruyama, N. and Kishimoto, T. (2015). Distribution of shoppers in multi-layered shopping complex: Estimation of shopper density considering escalators, elevators, stairs. Proceedings of the 10th International Space Syntax Symposium, University College London.
Pitt, M. and Musa, Z. N. (2009). Towards defining shopping centres and their management systems. Journal of Retail & Leisure Property, 8(1), pp. 39-55.

상세보기
The International Council of Shopping Centers, ICSC Shopping Center Definitions. 2011. Available from: [Accessed 13 March 2011].

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DOI : 10.21022/IJHRB.2018.7.2.171 [무료]

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