[논문]Anti-interference Methods using Vector-based GPS Receiver Mode

Viet, Hoan Nguyen; Lee, Suk-Hwan; Kwon, Ki-Ryong

doi:10.9717/kmms.2018.21.5.545

Anti-interference Methods using Vector-based GPS Receiver Mode 원문보기

멀티미디어학회논문지 = Journal of Korea Multimedia Society, v.21 no.5, 2018년, pp.545 - 557

Viet, Hoan Nguyen (Dept. of IT Convergence and Application Engineering, Pukyong National University) , Lee, Suk-Hwan (Dept. of Information Security, Tongmyong University) , Kwon, Ki-Ryong (Dept. of IT Convergence and Application Engineering, Pukyong National University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become popular and widely used in many fields from military to civilian applications. However, GPS signals are suffered from interference due to its weak signal over wireless channel. There are many types of interference, such as jamming, blocking multipath, and spoofing, which can mislead the operation of GPS receiver. In this paper, vector-based tracking loop model with integrity check is proposed to detect and mitigate the harmful effect of interference on GPS receiver operation. The suggested methods are implemented in the tracking loop of GPS receiver. As a first method, integrity check with carrier-to-noise ratio (C/No) monitoring technique is applied to detect the presence of interference and prevent contaminated channels out of tracking channels to calculate position. As a second method, a vector-based tracking loop using Extended Kalman Filter with adaptive noise covariance according to C/No monitoring results. The proposed methods have been implemented on simulated dataset. The results demonstrates that the suggested methods significantly mitigate interference of Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and improve position calculation by 44%.

주제어

AI 본문요약
AI-Helper

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가설 설정

6. The reference GPS L1 spread spectrum (a) and the simulated IF GPS signal spread spectrum with different SNR, (b) SNR=0 dB, (c) SNR=10 dB, and (d) SNR=30 dB.

제안 방법

The harmful effect of these interference is not only to prevent position lock (blocking and jamming), but also to deceive the receiver false information (spoofing). As the results of spoofing attacks, the GPS receiver computes an erroneous position, velocity and time solutions (PVT). Generally, when blocking and jamming is occurred, GPS receivers suffers from a loss of signal so they are well-aware.
There are two types of display GPS signal strength, namely signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and carrier-to-noise density ratio (C/No). For this work, the noise generator can configure different SNR level by adding Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) into digital IF signal. Fig.
The software-defined GPS receiver is implemented in MATLAB environment based on [14,15]. In order to investigate the behavior of the proposed VDFLL, simulated data is generated by Simulink GPS signal simulator. The generated digital IF data comparable to a real GPS RF-front end is configured at an intermediate frequency of 9.
Therefore, anti-interference techniques on GPS has become a serious issue to security and safety of GPS applications [3]. In this study, we focuses on security of GPS applications, and appropriate techniques for interference detection, and mitigation in the GPS receiver as shown in Fig. 1.
This paper presents two approaches based on integrity check to detect the presence of interference and vector-based tracking loop architecture with adaptive noise covariance of Extended Kalman filter to mitigate the signal outage and the harmful effect on navigation solution measurement.
Vector tracking mode can suppress the effect of signal outage and keep tracking while the Extended Kalman Filter of the vector tracking receiver ignores measurement of those tracking channels by integrity check results and mitigated the effect of interference signal by adjust adaptive process noise covariance matrix based on status. When the integrity check detects that interference is moved away, the vector-based receiver switches back to estimate the measurement of the discarded tracking loops.

대상 데이터

In case of C/A code generator, the initial phase is set to 0, while the initial phase for P(Y) code generator is set to π/2. Seven GPS satellites (PRN number 24, 13, 10, 21, 3, 4, and 32) was generated with configuration of code phase, Doppler frequency in Table 1.

이론/모형

The correlation output of I and Q prompt channels is passed to the C/N0 estimation algorithm and code phase/carrier frequency discriminator. The discriminator outputs are used to generate code phase error (pseudo-range error) and carrier frequency error (pseudo-range rate) measurements. Then these error measurements are fed to the EKF to correct its state vector.
The motivation of this work is to present an anti-interference method for a vector-based tracking (VTL) GPS receiver based on power based method (monitoring) for interference detection and mitigation. Based on monitoring analysis, interference detection method is proposed which is continuously checking the status of multiple tracking loops and look for any irregular variation that can be a trace of interference.

성능/효과

In details, the proposed VTL has several modifications, (1) the adaptive switching mode with VTL assisted STL is carried out by integrity check, (2) power-based method for interference detection are equipped into tracking loops as Variance Summing Method algorithm in order to C/N₀ monitoring and (3) a noise covariance matrix is calculated as a function of C/N₀ make Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) more robust against interference. Particularly, the proposed VTL is implemented as vector delay/frequency lock loop (VDFLL) in noncoherent architecture in a software GPS receiver as shown in Fig.
The performance of the VDFLL was compared with scalar tracking loop and conventional VDFLL by using simulated GPS data. The simulation results clearly demonstrates the performance of this VDFLL over STL during the temporary satellite outage period and over conventional VDFLL by reduce the navigation estimation error by 44%. This proposed software-defined GPS receiver have a huge opportunity to test in live data set with drone operation in addition of spoofing/jamming interference.

참고문헌 (15)

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상세보기
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