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Quantitative analysis of Spirulina platensis growth with CO2 mixed aeration

Environmental engineering research, v.23 no.2, 2018년, pp.216 - 222  

Kim, Yong Sang (Water and Environmental Research Institute of the Western Pacific, University of Guam) ,  Lee, Sang-Hun (Department of Environmental Sciences, Keimyung University)

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The growth characteristics of Spirulina platensis were investigated using four photo-bioreactors with $CO_2$-mixed air flows. Each reactor was operated under a specific condition: 3% $CO_2$ at 50 mL/min, 3% $CO_2$ at 150 mL/min, 6% $CO_2$ at 50 mL/min, and...

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제안 방법

  • Also, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed with the regression parameters to compare the dynamic algal growth between individual reaction set. If any regression of a data set could not properly characterize a dynamic curve, the data set would undergo a simple treatment (such as geometric averaging) and then conduct the multiple comparison. The regression and the comparative statistical analysis were implemented using MS-Excel and R software.
  • In this study, the growth characteristics of S. platensis were investigated using four cylindrical 400-mL photo-bioreactors with CO2-mixed air gas flows. Each reactor was operated under a given flow condition: 3% CO2 at 50 mL/min, 3% CO2 at 150 mL/min, 6% CO2 at 50 mL/min, and 6% CO2 at 150 mL/min.
  • This study further improved the authors’ previous study [21]. The analyses include regression fitting for the algal growth curves, prediction of pH in medium using the reaction equilibrium and kinetics, and stoichiometric assessment of nitrogen (N) limitation.
  • [14]. The model was constructed with the assumption that the growth rate is proportional to the maximum total light energy absorbed in a reactor divided by the liquid volume of the reactor. Here, the constant specific growth rate of the original exponential growth (dX/dt = mX) is modified to be a function that is inversely proportional to the biomass population concentrations X (dX/dt = KaL).
  • 1 shows the reactor set-up. The test parameters to investigate the effects of CO2 concentration and air- mixture flow rates were 3% CO2 at 50 mL/min, 3% CO2 at 150 mL/min, 6% CO2 at 50 mL/min, and 6% CO2 at 150 mL/min. The pH of the medium immediately after inoculation was 9.
  • accomplished the biomass production up to 9 g/L with increasing Surface-to-Volume (S/V) ratio in the reactor configuration. This study also incorporated the small diameter of photobioreactor (~4 cm), which maintained high light energy incidence to obtain the high biomass concentrations.
  • This study performed a stoichiometric analysis to predict nutrient starvation during growth of S. platensis, based on the presumption that the N consumption was derived by N deficit of nutrient starvation. Nutrient starvation occurs when the available nutrients are much less than the required amounts for algal growth.
  • To further investigate the N effects to algal growth, the biomass concentrations were measured according to the various initial NaNO3-N concentrations in the culture medium. Fig.

대상 데이터

  • S. platensis UTEX LB 2340 was obtained from the University of Texas at Austin. The culture medium was alkaline inorganic.
  • The culture medium was alkaline inorganic. The components included NaHCO3 (13.61 g/L), Na2CO3 (4.03 g/L), K2HPO4 (0.50 g/L), NaNO3 (2.50 g/L), K2SO4 (1.00 g/L), NaCl (1.00 g/L), MgSO4・7H2O (0.20 g/L), CaCl2・2H2O (0.04 g/L), PIV metal solution (6 mL/L), Chu micronutrient solution (1 mL/L), and Vitamin B12 (1 mg/1000 mL H2O; 150 mL/L). The PIV metal solution consisted of Na2EDTA (750 mg/L), MnCl2・4H2O (41.
  • 2 mg/L). The components of Chu micronutrient solution included Na2EDTA (750 mg/L), MnCl2・4H2O (12.8 mg/L), CoCl2・6H2O (20.0 mg/L), Na2MoO4・2H2O (12.8 mg/L), H3BO3 (618.0 mg/L), CuSO4・5H2O (19.6 mg/L), and ZnSO4・7H2O (44.0 mg/L). The medium was utilized for cultivation after being sterilized at 121℃ for 15 min in a high-pressure sterilizer.

데이터처리

  • The coefficient of determination was found for each curve to assess the fit in the regressions to the corresponding experimental data. Also, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed with the regression parameters to compare the dynamic algal growth between individual reaction set. If any regression of a data set could not properly characterize a dynamic curve, the data set would undergo a simple treatment (such as geometric averaging) and then conduct the multiple comparison.
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참고문헌 (21)

  1. UNFCC. Kyoto protocol; 1997. 

  2. United Nations. United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP17/CMP7). Durban, South Africa; 2011. 

  3. Park YI, Labrecque M, Lavoie JM. Influence of elevated $CO_2$ and municipal wastewater feed on the productivity, morphology, and chemical composition of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis. ACS Sust. Chem. Eng. 2013;1:1348-1356. 

  4. Ji MK, Abou-Shanab RAI, Kim SH, et al. Cultivation of microalgae species in tertiary municipal wastewater supplemented with $CO_2$ for nutrient removal and biomass production. Eco. Eng. 2013;58:142-148. 

  5. Kim K, Choi J, Ji Y, et al. Impact of bubble size on growth and $CO_2$ uptake of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis KMMCC CY-007. Bioresour. Technol. 2014;170:310-315. 

  6. da Silver MF, Casazza AA, Ferrari PF, et al. A new bioenergetic and thermodynamic approach to batch photoautotrophic growth of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis in different photobioreactors and under different light conditions. Bioresour. Technol. 2016;207:220-228. 

  7. Martis RV, Singh R, Ankita SK, Pathak AK, Guria C. Solubility of carbon dioxide using aqueous NPK 10:26:26 complex fertilizer culture medium and Spirulina platensis suspension. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2013;1:1245-1251. 

  8. Ji C, Wang J, Li R, Liu T. Modeling of carbon dioxide mass transfer behavior in attached cultivation photobioreactor using the analysis of the pH profiles. Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng. 2017;40:1079-1090. 

  9. Solisio C, Lodi A, Finocchio E. Effects of pH on chromate(VI) adsorption by Spirulina platensis biomass: Batch tests and FT-IR studies. Water Sci. Technol. 2013;67:1916-1922. 

  10. Chen CY, Kao PC, Tan CH, et al. Using an innovative pH-stat $CO_2$ feeding strategy to enhance cell growth and C-phycocyanin production from Spirulina platensis. Biochem. Eng. J. 2016;112:78-85. 

  11. Xie Y, Jin Y, Zeng X, Chen J, Lu Y, Jing K. Fed-batch strategy for enhancing cell growth and C-phycocyanin production of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis under phototrophic cultivation. Bioresour. Technol. 2015;180:281-287. 

  12. Tadros MG. Characterization of Spirulina biomass for CELSS diet potential. NASA Contractor NCC 2-501, USA; 1988. 

  13. Gordillo FJL, Jimenez C, Figueroa FL, Niell FX. Effects of increased atmospheric $CO_2$ and N supply on photosynthesis, growth and cell composition of the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira). J. Appl. Phycol. 1999;10:461-469. 

  14. Ogbonna JC, Yada H, Tanaka H. Kinetic study on light-limited batch cultivation. J. Ferment. Bioeng. 1995;80:259-264. 

  15. James SC, Janardhanam V, Hanson DT. Simulating pH effects in an algal-growth hydrodynamics model. J. Phycol. 2013;49:608-615. 

  16. Stumm W, Morgan JJ. Aquatic chemistry: Chemical equilibria and rates in natural waters. 3rd ed. USA: John Willey and Sons Inc.; 1996. p. 370-398. 

  17. Cornet JF, Dussap CG, Cluzel P, Dubertret GA. Structured model for simulation of cultures of the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis in photobioreactors: II. Identification of kinetic parameters under light and mineral limitations. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 1992;40:826-834. 

  18. Sander R. Compilation of Henry's law constants (version 4.0) for water as solvent. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2015;15:4399-4981. 

  19. Kumari A, Kumar A, Pathak AK, Guria C. Carbon dioxide assisted Spirulina platensis cultivation using NPK-10:26:26 complex fertilizer in sintered disk chromatographic glass bubble column. J. $CO_2$ Util. 2014;8:49-59. 

  20. Cruz-Martinez LC, Jesus CKC, Matsudo MC, Danesi EDG, Sato S, Carvalho JCM. Growth and composition of Arthrospira (Spirulina) Platensis in a tubular photobioreactor using ammonium nitrate as the nitrogen source in a fed-batch process. Braz. J. Chem. Eng. 2015;32:347-356. 

  21. Kim YS, Park HI, Park DW. The growth characteristics of Spirulina platensis at different carbon dioxide concentration and flow rate. Proceedings of KSEE (Korean Society of Environmental Engineers) conference. Spring; 2003. 

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