[논문]Effects of Social Capital on Subjective Health in the Community Indwelling Elderly

Chu, Hyeon Sik; Tak, Young Ran

doi:10.12799/jkachn.2018.29.2.184

Effects of Social Capital on Subjective Health in the Community Indwelling Elderly 원문보기

지역사회간호학회지 = Journal of korean academy of community health nursing, v.29 no.2, 2018년, pp.184 - 193

Chu, Hyeon Sik (Hanyang University Seoul Hospital) , Tak, Young Ran (College of Nursing, Hanyang University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine a path model on the relationship among social capital, physical activity and subjective health status in the community indwelling elderly. Methods: The study was conducted utilizing the 2014 Seoul Survey, in the method of analyzing cross-sectional design and secondary data. Among 45,497 participants in total, the data of 4578 adults aged 65 or above was analyzed. Social capital was measured by social trust and social participation. Physical activity was measured by regular exercise. Additionally, a numerical rating scale was used to assess subjective health status. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients and path analysis. Results: Social participation and physical activity showed a direct effect on subjective health status in community indwelling elderly while social trust and physical activity showed an indirect effect on their subjective health status. The hypothetical path model of community indwelling elderly's subjective health status was proved correct. Conclusion: Findings from this study indicate that health-promoting intervention for community indwelling elderly should consider social trust and participation.

주제어

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문제 정의

The purpose of this study was to construct the path model to explain the effects of social capital on physical activity and subjective health status in elderly people living in community.
If social capital is a factor affecting the health of elderly people through various paths, it is important to establish a basis for community-based nursing interventions and health policies that take social capital into account. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of social capital on the subjective health status of elderly people living in the community and to provide preliminary data for the development of health promotion programs and policies for elderly people living in the community.
In addition, it was found that while social participation decreases as age increases, the influence of social participation on health increases as age increases, and thus the importance of participation in social activities for health promotion of the elderly is further stressed [25]. Therefore, the results of this study are demonstrated the need to consider social capital in the development of programs and policies for health promotion for elderly people living in the community.

제안 방법

However, this study used the data of the 2014 Seoul Survey, a cross-sectional survey, and this fact imposes constraints on causal reasoning regarding the study results. In addition, since analysis was conducted using the items surveyed in the 2014 Seoul Survey, this study has limitations in reflecting various attributes of the health of elderly people and social capital.
However, this study used the data of the 2014 Seoul Survey, a cross-sectional survey, and this fact imposes constraints on causal reasoning regarding the study results. In addition, since analysis was conducted using the items surveyed in the 2014 Seoul Survey, this study has limitations in reflecting various attributes of the health of elderly people and social capital. Therefore, in follow-up studies, there is a need to improve the limitations of the secondary data analysis study and verify the relationships between the variables using validated and reliable measurements.
In this study, general characteristics were classified into sociodemographic characteristics and neighborhood environmental characteristics. Sociodemographic characteristics included age, gender, education level, marital status, perceived socioeconomic position, religion, the number of family members.
The conceptual framework of this study was set up to identify the path through which social capital affects physical activity and subjective health status in elderly people living in the community. Therefore, the conceptual framework for the model of the factors affecting the subjective health status of elderly people living in the community was set up based on the neighborhood resource-based theory of social capital for health proposed by Carpiano[18] through a literature review of the studies of subjective health status of the elderly.
Standardized weights were applied to the 2014 Seoul Survey in consideration of the extraction rate and response rate so that the sample that participated in the survey could represent the population of Seoul. The real numbers, percentages, means, and standard deviations for general characteristics of the participants and measured variables were described, and the kurtosis and skewness were calculated to test the normality of the measured variables. The correlation between the measured variables was analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient.
The survey period was from October 1 to October 31, 2014 and an additional survey was conducted from November 1 to November 17, 2014. The surveys were conducted in such a way that trained interviewers directly visited the selected households and interviewed them individually. The raw data of the Seoul Survey is public data available freely online for which free use is permitted, including the use or modification of it of commercial purposes and the creation of derivative works, if the author and source are indicated.
The model fit was evaluated by the absolute fit index (x²), the goodness of fit index (GFI), the adjusted goodness index (AGFI), the comparative fit index (CFI), and the root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA), which is less sensitive to the size of the sample and reflects the parsimony of the model. To test the validity for the path of the model, the parameters were estimated by the maximum likelihood method, and the statistical significance of the indirect effects was analyzed by the bootstrapping method.

대상 데이터

The 2014 Seoul Survey was conducted by the household interview survey with household heads and household members aged 15 years or older of the selected households residing in Seoul. Among a total of 45,497 persons who were surveyed in 2014, 4,578 elderly people aged 65 years or older were included in this study for final analysis.
7%) responded that the number of family members including the participant was two. As for housing type, 2,479 people (55.9%) lived in apartment house. Regarding the type of housing tenure, 3,264 people (62.

데이터처리

The correlation between the measured variables was analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient.

성능/효과

In this study, social trust did not have a direct effect on subjective health status, and was found to be a factor influencing subjective health status through the indirect path of social participation. With respect to social trust, it is thought that it does not affect the health itself, but promotes elderly people's formation of social networks and participation in social gatherings [30].
In this study, the mean score for subjective health status of elderly people aged 65 years or older was 5.94±1.64 points.
Subjective health status refers to the self-assessed health status rated by individuals themselves, and in this study, subjective health status refers to the overall health status that the individual perceives. The subjective health status was measured on a 11-point Likert scale (0 point for the worst health status and 10 points for the best health status).
This study analyzed the data of the 2014 Seoul Survey based on the previous study results showing that the subjective health status of the elderly is closely related not only to the individuals' sociodemographic characteristics but also to social capital, which is a social environmental characteristic.

후속연구

The results of this study are similar to the results of a previous study that elderly people who participated in various social gatherings showed a higher level of subjective health status, but they are not consistent with the previous study results showing that the social participation had no direct and indirect effects on the functional status of elderly people [30]. This may be due to the fact that the influence of social gatherings on health may be different according to the purpose and nature of them, so further research concerning this question needs to be conducted in the future. The social participation of elderly people is the most important means of receiving material and emotional support.

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