[논문]Relationship between Early Menopause and Periodontal Disease in Korean Postmenopausal Women

Lee, Yun-Hee; Kim, Sun-Mi; Ahn, Eunsuk

doi:10.17135/jdhs.2018.18.5.312

Relationship between Early Menopause and Periodontal Disease in Korean Postmenopausal Women 원문보기

치위생과학회지 = Journal of dental hygiene science, v.18 no.5, 2018년, pp.312 - 318

Lee, Yun-Hee (Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungbok University) , Kim, Sun-Mi (Department of Dental Hygiene, Wonkwang Health Science University) , Ahn, Eunsuk (Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungbok University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between early menopause and periodontal disease in postmenopausal women using data from the 6th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013~2015). A study was conducted with 2,048 postmenopausal women aged 45 to 74 years. Participants were divided into the early menopause group (menopause occurring at age 45 years or before) and normal menopause group (menopause occurring after age 45 years). A community periodontal index greater than or equal to code 3 was used to define periodontal treatment needs. A chi-square test was used to confirm the bivariate relationship between the variables. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for covariates (age, education, family income, body mass index, alcohol drinking, smoking, visiting dentist in the last year, use of oral care products, frequency of tooth brushing per day). The risk of periodontal disease was higher in the early menopause group after adjusting for potential confounders (odds ratio, 1.59). In particular, the relationship between early menopause and periodontal disease was more evident in women with low education and those who did not use oral care products. The findings of this study suggest that early menopause is a significant factor of periodontal disease in Korean women.

주제어

AI 본문요약
AI-Helper

* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.

제안 방법

A chi-square test was also conducted to verify participants’ menopause and periodontal statuses according to their sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, and oral health management status.
However, no studies to date have analyzed the association between early menopause and periodontal disease using representative data. Hence, this study aimed to verify the relationship between early menopause and the risk of periodontal disease among Korean women in menopause, and provide base data for establishing policies that can prevent periodontal disease and improve oral health for women in early menopause.
The layer variable was the dispersed estimation layer, the cluster variable was survey district, the weighted values were the sample extraction framework, household at the point of the current survey, including error according to differences in population, and non-response error according to lack of participation in the survey. In order to adjust these factors, weighted values from a correlation analysis were used to calculate new weighted values. When cases are deleted, since complex sample information included in the deleted materials can be omitted and cause a standard deviation bias in the estimated values, the groups of interested and other groups were generated before the analysis.
In this study, the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN), which ranges between 0 and 4, was re-categorized into three levels, namely healthy periodontal tissue (0), gingivitis (1∼2), and periodontitis (3∼4), and was used as the dependent variable.
Moreover, this study also included participants’ general characteristics, such as age group (45∼54/55∼64/65∼74 years), education level (elementary school or lower/middle school/high school/college degree or higher), household income (lower/lower-middle/upper-middle/upper), body mass index (BMI) (underweight/normal/obese), lifestyle habits such as alcohol drinking (nondrinker/drinker in the past/current drinker) and smoking (non-smoker/smoker), and oral health management such visiting the dentist in the last year (yes/no), using oral management products (yes/no), and daily frequency of teeth brushing (less than 3 times a day/3 times a day or more).
Rather than using clinical data, this study conducted an analysis based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which is reliable and representative on a national, city, and province level. However, no link was found between early menopause and periodontal diseases in this cross-sectional analysis.
This study used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in order to verify the effect of early and normal onset of menopause on periodontal diseases among pots-menopausal women. Here, periodontal disease was divided into gingivitis and periodontitis, based on previous studies reporting differences in bone density and attachment loss according to changes in hormones related to menopause^7,16,17), and we aimed to establish basic data that will be necessary for setting up policies for the prevention of periodontal disease and improvement of oral health for women in menopause.

대상 데이터

Out of 4,503 women in menopause who participated in the 6th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013∼2015), after excluding those who experienced artificial menopause due to a hysterectomy, those with a doctor's diagnosis of diabetes with a strong relation to periodontal disease, and those with at least one response missing in the survey, a total of 2,048 participants were selected for analysis.

데이터처리

A chi-square test was also conducted to verify participants’ menopause and periodontal statuses according to their sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, and oral health management status. Further, to assess the relationship between menopause status and periodontal disease, a multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to obtain the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The statistical significance level was set to p＜0.

성능/효과

These findings are consistent with the results of the present study. Further, when all other factors were controlled, the adjusted OR of periodontitis, which involves bone loss, was 1.59 in the group with early menopause compared to the group with normal menopause, which was statistically significant. Women with early menopause were also reported to have a higher risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, and other relevant death risk factors compared to women with normal-onset menopause¹⁹⁾.
The study results showed that women who experienced early menopause were at a higher risk of periodontitis compared to women undergoing normal-onset menopause. While a statistically significant association was clearly observed between early menopause and periodontitis, the association of early menopause with gingivitis was not as clear.
When all other factors were adjusted, the adjusted OR that a participant in the early menopause group would be afflicted by periodontitis compared to having normal menopause was 1.59 (95% CI, 1.08∼2.35; p＜0.05).

후속연구

Since the start of the participants' menopause was before the starting point of the study, the status of confounding factors such as age, income may not be consistent, particularly if the gap between the two time point is long, and this may have been a limitation to this study. However, this research still holds significance in that it was the first study to provide basic data on postmenopausal women's health by revealing the factors related to early menopause and periodontal disease in a sample representative of Korean women; more research must be conducted on early menopause based on this study.

참고문헌 (22)

Suri V, Suri V: Menopause and oral health. J Midlife Health 5: 115-120, 2017. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-7800.141187
Im JS: The relationship between Korean women's premature menopause and osteoporosis: by using 2007, 2008 national health and nutrition examination survey. Unpublished master's thesis, Yonsei University, Seoul, 2012.
Jafri Z, Bhardwaj A, Sawai M, Sultan N: Influence of female sex hormones on periodontium: a case series. J Nat Sci Biol Med 6: 146-149, 2015. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-9668.166124

상세보기
Sharma N, Sharma RK, Tewari S, Chauhan M, Bhatia A: Association of periodontal inflammation, systemic inflammation, and duration of menopausal years in postmenopausal women. Quintessence Int 49: 123-131, 2018. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.qi.a39512
G K P, Arounassalame B: The quality of life during and after menopause among rural women. J Clin Diagn Res 7: 135-139, 2013. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2012/4910.2688

상세보기
Chengappa R, Narayanan VS, Khan AM, Rakaraddi MP, Puttaswamy KA, Puttabuddi JH: Utility of two methodologies in the clinical assessment of oral dryness in postmenopausal women. J Midlife Health 7: 114-118, 2016. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-7800.191014
Bijelic R, Milicevic S, Balaban J: Risk factors for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Med Arch (Sarajevo, Bosnia Herzegovina) 71: 25-28, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2017.71.25-28
Alves RC, Felix SA, Rodriguez-Archilla A, Oliveira P, Brito J, Dos Santos JM: Relationship between menopause and periodontal disease: a cross-sectional study in a Portuguese population. Int J Clin Exp Med 8: 11412-11419, 2015.

상세보기
Gold EB: The timing of the age at which natural menopause occurs. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 38: 425-440, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ogc.2011.05.002

상세보기
Korean Statistical Information Service: A life table in 2015. Retrived October 3, 2017, from http://meta.narastat.kr/metasvc/svc/SvcMetaDcDtaPopup.do?orgId350&confmNo920006&kosisYnY (2016, December 2).
Park GJ, Park CH, Kim MO: Belief, knowledge, and practice about oral health care of middle-aged women. Korean J Women Health Nurs 15: 130-139, 2009. https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2009.15.2.130

원문보기 상세보기
Kwon HJ, Yoon MS: Relationship of depression, stress, and self-esteem with oral health-related quality of life of middleaged women. J Dent Hyg Sci 15: 825-835, 2015.

원문보기 상세보기
Nelson LM: Primary ovarian insufficiency. N Engl J Med 360: 606-614, 2009.

상세보기
Shuster LT, Rhodes DJ, Gostout BS, Grossardt BR, Rocca WA: Premature menopause or early menopause: long-term health consequences. Premature 65: 161-166, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.08.003
Tarkkila L, Furuholm J, Tiitinen A, Meurman JH: Oral health in perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women from baseline to 2 years of follow-up with reference to hormone replacement therapy. Clin Oral Investig 12: 271-277, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-008-0190-z

상세보기
Yoshida N, Sugimoto K, Suzuki S, Kudo H: Change in oral health status associated with menopause in Japanese dental hygienists. Int J Dent Hyg 16: 157-164, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.12282

상세보기
Dutt P, Choudhary S, Kumar P: Oral health and menopause: a comprehensive review on current knowledge and associated dental management. Ann Med Health Sci Res 3: 320-323, 2013.

상세보기
Yalcin F, Gurgan S, Gul G: Oral health in postmenopausal Turkish women. Oral Health Prev Dent 4: 227-233, 2006.
Svejme O, Ahlborg HG, Nilsson JA, Karlsson MK: Early menopause and risk of osteoporosis, fracture and mortality: a 34-year prospective observational study in 390 women. BJOG 119: 810-816, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2012.03324.x

상세보기
Svejme O, Ahlborg HG, Nilsson JA, Karlsson MK: Low BMD is an independent predictor of fracture and early menopause of mortality in post-menopausal women: a 34-year prospective study. Maturitas 74: 341-345, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.01.002

상세보기
Sullivan SD, Lehman A, Nathan NK, Thomson CA, Howard BV. Age of menopause and fracture risk in postmenopausal women randomized to calcium+vitamin D, hormone therapy, or the combination: results from the Women's health initiative clinical trials. Menopause 24: 371-378, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0000000000000775
Kim YT, Ahn SS, Chung JJ, Choi SW: Korean women's health conditions and policy agenda. Korean Women's Development Institute, Seoul, 2008. 256 p.

표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

내보내기 구분	파일저장 인쇄 메일전송
구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

연합인증