Spinal cord contusion injury is one of the most serious nervous system disorders, characterized by high morbidity and disability. To mimic spinal cord contusion in humans, various animal models of spinal contusion injury have been developed. These models have been developed in rats, mice, and monkey...
Spinal cord contusion injury is one of the most serious nervous system disorders, characterized by high morbidity and disability. To mimic spinal cord contusion in humans, various animal models of spinal contusion injury have been developed. These models have been developed in rats, mice, and monkeys. However, most of these models are developed using rats. Two types of animal models, i.e. bilateral contusion injury and unilateral contusion injury models, are developed using either a weight drop method or impactor method. In the weight drop method, a specific weight or a rod, having a specific weight and diameter, is dropped from a specific height on to the exposed spinal cord. Low intensity injury is produced by dropping a 5 g weight from a height of 8 cm, moderate injury by dropping 10 g weight from a height of 12.5-25 mm, and high intensity injury by dropping a 25 g weight from a height of 50 mm. In the impactor method, injury is produced through an impactor by delivering a specific force to the exposed spinal cord area. Mild injury is produced by delivering $100{\pm}5kdyn$ of force, moderate injury by delivering $200{\pm}10kdyn$ of force, and severe injury by delivering $300{\pm}10kdyn$ of force. The contusion injury produces a significant development of locomotor dysfunction, which is generally evident from the $0-14^{th}$ day of surgery and is at its peak after the $28-56^{th}$ day. The present review discusses different animal models of spinal contusion injury.
Spinal cord contusion injury is one of the most serious nervous system disorders, characterized by high morbidity and disability. To mimic spinal cord contusion in humans, various animal models of spinal contusion injury have been developed. These models have been developed in rats, mice, and monkeys. However, most of these models are developed using rats. Two types of animal models, i.e. bilateral contusion injury and unilateral contusion injury models, are developed using either a weight drop method or impactor method. In the weight drop method, a specific weight or a rod, having a specific weight and diameter, is dropped from a specific height on to the exposed spinal cord. Low intensity injury is produced by dropping a 5 g weight from a height of 8 cm, moderate injury by dropping 10 g weight from a height of 12.5-25 mm, and high intensity injury by dropping a 25 g weight from a height of 50 mm. In the impactor method, injury is produced through an impactor by delivering a specific force to the exposed spinal cord area. Mild injury is produced by delivering $100{\pm}5kdyn$ of force, moderate injury by delivering $200{\pm}10kdyn$ of force, and severe injury by delivering $300{\pm}10kdyn$ of force. The contusion injury produces a significant development of locomotor dysfunction, which is generally evident from the $0-14^{th}$ day of surgery and is at its peak after the $28-56^{th}$ day. The present review discusses different animal models of spinal contusion injury.
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제안 방법
Apart from rats, mice have also been employed for study- ng contusion injury. In this model, C57Bl/6 mice were anesthetized and an incision was made between the spinous processes of C2 and T1 to expose the cervical region of the spinal cord. Then the paravertebral muscles overlying C4–C6 were removed.
The behavioral alterations were noted on the day of injury, and on the 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th and 35th day post-injury by performing different tests such as the paw preference test (an unskilled forelimb function assessment), cat walk gait analysis (unskilled locomotor function), vermicelli handling test (skilled forelimb function), and horizontal ladder test (skilled locomotor function) as indicators of locomotor activity.
5 mm impactor. The behavioral alterations were noted with the assessment of locomotor activity at the 1st, 4th, 7th, 10th, and 14th day post-injury, followed by weekly assessments. Female rats, subjected to 150 kdyn of force, with a 0 s dwell time showed less hind limb impairment at the 1st, 7th, 35th, and 42nd days after injury as compared to females that received 20 0 kdyn of force.
61 kdyn from the impactor. The locomotor test was performed at the 14th, 28th, and 42nd day post injury to detect hind paw and forepaw movements. The maximum dysfunction in forepaw movement in the 100 kdyn animal group was observed at the 42nd day, and in 200 kdyn animal group, was observed at 28th day post injury.
5 mm. The locomotor test was performed the day of the injury, as well as the 4th, 7th, 10th, 13th, 16th, 19th, 22nd, 25th and 28th day post-injury in order to detect behavioral alterations. The maximum locomotor impairment was observed at the 28th day after injury [12].
성능/효과
05 s. The behavioral alterations such as hind limb motor function was noted a day before injury, 2 days after injury, once a week for 4 weeks, and once a month for 4 months after injury. The 1.
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