[논문]한국 교사들의 신체활동이 직무탈진에 미치는 영향

남윤호

doi:10.15207/jkcs.2019.10.6.325

한국 교사들의 신체활동이 직무탈진에 미치는 영향
The Effects of Korean Teachers' Physical Activity on Job Burnout 원문보기

한국융합학회논문지 = Journal of the Korea Convergence Society, v.10 no.6, 2019년, pp.325 - 335

남윤호 (고려대학교 체육교육과)

초록
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본 연구는 한국 교사들의 탈진을 완화시키는데 신체활동이 어떠한 영향을 주는지 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 이러한 목적을 규명하기 위해 한국 교사 527명의 자료가 분석에 이용되었다. 자료처리는 탐색적 요인분석, 문항내적일관성분석을 실시하여 탈진설문지(MBI-ES)의 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증하였고, 성별, 학교급, 교직기간 특성에 따른 평균의 차이를 알아보기 위해 독립 t-test, one-way ANOVA를 실시하였다. 그리고 상관분석과 회귀분석을 통해 요인들 간의 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 성별의 차이는 남교사보다 여교사가, 교직기간은 긴 것보다 짧을수록 탈진의 정도가 높고 신체활동이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 교사들의 중 고강도 신체활동은 탈진 하위요인들과 부적상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 교사들의 고강도 신체활동은 비인격화 요인에 부적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났고, 교사들의 좌식행동은 비인격화 요인에 정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of physical activity on relieving job burnout among teachers in Korea. To examine this impact, 527 Korean teachers were used in the data analysis. An exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency analysis were employed to verify the validity and reliability of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-ES), and a t-test and one-way ANOVA were conducted to find the mean differences according to gender, school level, and length of teaching experience. The impact between factors was also verified through correlation and regression analyses. The results of the analyses showed that first, female teachers and teachers with less teaching experience had higher degree of burnout and fewer physical activities compared to male teachers and teachers with longer teaching experience, respectively. Second, teachers' level of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was negatively correlated with burnout factors. Third, teachers' vigorous physical activity negatively affected depersonalization factors while teachers' sedentary activity positively affected depersonalization factors.

주제어

표/그림 (7)

표 Table 1. General Characteristics of Participants
표 Table 2. Configuration of Questions in the MBI-ES
표 Table 3. MBI-ES Factor Analysis and Reliability Analysis
표 Table 4. Differential Analysis According to General Characteristics of Teachers
그림 Fig. 1. Differences According to General Characteristics of Teachers
표 Table 5. Correlation Analysis Between Each Factor
표 Table 6. Multiple Regression Analysis of Burnout and Physical Activity of Teachers in Korea

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문제 정의

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical activity and burnout among Korean teachers. This study analyzed mean differences based on gender, school level, and length of teaching experience.
The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between physical activity and burnout among Korean teachers and to verify the results. Data were collected from 527 teachers in Korea.
Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine the impact of physical activity on the job burnout experienced by teachers in Korea. Furthermore, this study will also provide basic data for developing programs that are useful for relieving burnout by examining the relationship between physical activity and burnout.

제안 방법

An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to verify the validity of the MBI-ES measure used in this study. The maximum likelihood method was employed to extract factors, and the direct oblimin method for the rotation method to verify validity.
Furthermore, to assess the validity and reliability of the instrumentation, an EFA and internal consistency analysis (Cronbach’s α) were performed.
It is a restructured version of the MBI, which was developed to measure burnout in various service fields, to fit the educational environment. It consists of 22 items pertaining to 3 subfactors - emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and loss of personal accomplishment (PA). Nine questions deal with emotional exhaustion, five with depersonalization, and eight with the loss of personal accomplishment.
Maslach noted that Freduenberger’s definition of burnout overlooks the emotional aspect, and developed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), including emotional factors as sub-factors[8]. The scale consists of emotional exhaustion, which is a sense of emotional fatigue and burnout; depersonalization, which is a lack of emotion toward others; and loss of personal accomplishment, wherein the individual is unable to experience any sense of accomplishment while working with other people[8]. [9] pointed out that the quality of education might decrease because of the low morale and physical and emotional exhaustion among teachers due to burnout.
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical activity and burnout among Korean teachers. This study analyzed mean differences based on gender, school level, and length of teaching experience. Furthermore, correlation and regression analyses were performed to determine the impact between factors.

대상 데이터

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between physical activity and burnout among Korean teachers and to verify the results. Data were collected from 527 teachers in Korea. The results of the analysis are as follows.
To achieve the purpose of this study, teachers at elementary, middle, and high schools in Korea were selected as the participants for this study. Purposive and non-probability sampling methods were employed to sample 550 participants. The sampled participants were asked to fill out a self-administered survey, and after excluding incomplete responses from the collected data, 527 participants were selected for the analyses in this study.
Purposive and non-probability sampling methods were employed to sample 550 participants. The sampled participants were asked to fill out a self-administered survey, and after excluding incomplete responses from the collected data, 527 participants were selected for the analyses in this study. Table 1 provides the general characteristics of these participants.

데이터처리

After performing a correlation analysis to understand the degree of correlation between variables, a multiple regression analysis was also conducted to verify the relationship between variables. The level of significance was set to α=0.
Furthermore, to assess the validity and reliability of the instrumentation, an EFA and internal consistency analysis (Cronbach’s α) were performed. Next, to examine differences between groups according to individual characteristics, an independent t-test and one-way ANOVA were conducted.
Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between each variable in this study.
To assess participants’ characteristics, a frequency analysis was conducted.

이론/모형

An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to verify the validity of the MBI-ES measure used in this study. The maximum likelihood method was employed to extract factors, and the direct oblimin method for the rotation method to verify validity. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkon (KMO) and Bartlett sphericity tests were conducted to determine the fitness of each factor.
To measure the level of physical activity, this study used the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), which was developed by the WHO in 2002[43]. This questionnaire is a tool that measures the amount of physical activity participants involved in based on different domains (job, transit, leisure activities, sedentary activity).

성능/효과

Examining the correlation between physical activity and burnout factors indicated that vigorous-intensity and moderate intensity activity have a negative correlation with all subfactors, while low-intensity activity has a negative correlation with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and a positive correlation with loss of personal accomplishment. Sedentary activity has a negative correlation with emotional exhaustion and a positive correlation with depersonalization and loss of personal accomplishment.
First, female teachers reported higher levels of burnout and fewer physical activity involvement compared to male counterparts. However, the results of a study by [45] revealed that there is no positive association between physical activity and stress and burnout for women.
First, higher degree of burnout and lower levels of physical activity were manifested in female teachers and novice teachers compared to male counterparts and experienced teachers, respectively.
Fourth, the physical activity questionnaire employed in this study was a self-reported measure, and thus cannot precisely reveal whether the burnout experienced by teachers is positively relevant. Hence, future studies should employ a more objective tool to test physical activity.
Second, physical activity was inversely related with teacher burnout among Korean teachers, indicating that teachers can minimize stress and burnout to some extent through physical activity. Specifically, apart from low-intensity and sedentary activity, physical activity was negatively correlated with the subfactors of burnout.
Second, teachers’ level of MVPA was inversely correlated with burnout factors.
Third, since the characteristics of each teacher’s class subject and individual background were not differentiated, the results cannot be generalized to the population.
Third, teachers’ vigorous physical activity had a negative effect on depersonalization factors while teachers’ sedentary activity had a positive effect on depersonalization.
Third, teachers’ vigorous physical activity negatively influenced on depersonalization.

후속연구

Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine the impact of physical activity on the job burnout experienced by teachers in Korea. Furthermore, this study will also provide basic data for developing programs that are useful for relieving burnout by examining the relationship between physical activity and burnout.
However, the results of a study by [45] revealed that there is no positive association between physical activity and stress and burnout for women. This highlights a need that additional research is necessary to firmly establish the relationship between physical activity and burnout for women. Also, teachers with less teaching experience showed higher degree of burnout and lower physical activity level than teachers with longer teaching experience.

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표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

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