[논문]The effects of length of residence (LOR) on voice onset time (VOT)

Kim, Mi-Ryoung

doi:10.13064/ksss.2020.12.4.009

The effects of length of residence (LOR) on voice onset time (VOT) 원문보기

말소리와 음성과학 = Phonetics and speech sciences, v.12 no.4, 2020년, pp.9 - 17

Kim, Mi-Ryoung (Department of Practical Foreign Languages, Korea Soongsil Cyber University)

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Changes in the first language (L1) sound system as a result of acquiring a second language (L2) (i.e., phonetic drift) have received considerable attention from a variety of speakers, settings, and environments. Less attention has been given to phonetic drift in adult speakers' L2 learning as their length of residence in America (LOR) increases. This study examines the effects of LOR on voice onset time (VOT) in L1 Korean stops. Three different groups of Korean adult learners of L2 English were compared to assess how malleable their L1 representations are in terms of LOR and whether there is any relationship between L1 change and L2 acquisition. The results showed that the effect of LOR was linguistically unimportant in the production of Korean stops. However, VOT merger as evidence of sound change in Korean stops were robust in the speech production of most of the female speakers across the groups. The results suggest that L2 English may not be the primary cause of L1 sound change. For generalizability, further study is necessary to see whether other acoustic cues show a similar pattern.

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문제 정의

The purpose of this study was to determine if adult language learners of English exhibit VOT drift in the same way as bilinguals or advanced learners acquiring an additional language in an L2-dominant environment. In particular, the study addressed the possible relationship between L1 change and L2 acquisition.
The purpose of this study was to determine if adult language learners of English exhibit VOT drift in the same way as bilinguals or advanced learners acquiring an additional language in an L2-dominant environment. In particular, the study addressed the possible relationship between L1 change and L2 acquisition.
This study investigated effects of LOR on VOT in L1 Korean stops by recruiting different groups of Korean adult learners of L2 English. The purpose of this study was to determine if adult language learners of English exhibit VOT drift in the same way as bilinguals or advanced learners acquiring an additional language in an L2-dominant environment.

가설 설정

05 significant level. Post hoc tests were also run to answer the following questions: (i) whether any differences in pairs among three groups and stops were significant and (ii) whether any differences in stop pairs among individual speakers were significant. For statistical analysis, effects of LOR, stop, place, and gender on VOT in the production of Korean stops were mainly focused because of most central interest in this paper.
Others, like the Great Vowel Shift and Tonogenesis, are more difficult to explain (Matisoff, 1973). One inquiry arises: can L2 as a source of language contact be the main cause of a sound change in the Korean stop system? Two research questions are: 1) Do Korean adult learners of L2 English produce L1 Korean stops differently in terms of LOR?; 2) Is there any relationship between L1 change and L2 acquisition? This experiment is designed to answer the questions by comparing three different groups in terms of LOR.
implications. First, the cross-linguistic influences between L1 and L2 are asymmetrical. The influence of L1 on L2 is more robust than the influence of L2 on L1.

제안 방법

2018). The main goal of the present study was to examine whether there was any main effect of LOR (i.e., group), stop (i.e., aspirated, lax, and tense), place (i.e., labial, al.,eolar, and velar), gender (i.e., male vs. female), and individual speakers on VOT, and whether there was any interaction effect between factors. Repeated measures ANOVA includes both “between” subjects effects (LOR group and gender) and “within” subject effects (i.
Second, it is the first to show whether English is affected by a learner’s residency. Third, this study presents a systematic and quantitative phonetic study on a large scale of Korean stop production(2, 808 token total). Finally, it is the first to show that L2 English and L1 sound change are not directly related to each other.
Others, like the Great Vowel Shift and Tonogenesis, are more difficult to explain (Matisoff, 1973). One inquiry arises: can L2 as a source of language contact be the main cause of a sound change in the Korean stop system? Two research questions are: 1) Do Korean adult learners of L2 English produce L1 Korean stops differently in terms of LOR?; 2) Is there any relationship between L1 change and L2 acquisition? This experiment is designed to answer the questions by comparing three different groups in terms of LOR.

대상 데이터

Flege & Liu, 2001). All participants were born in Seoul, Korea. They used the standard dialect of Korean as their native language and learned English as a foreign language (EFL).
Recordings were done in either Korea or America. In Korea, recordings were done in a quiet office directly into a Samsung SENS NT900XC₄C-A78 laptop computer using a Safa voice recorder (model SR-M190N). In the US, recordings were made in a sound-attenuated booth in the Phonetics Lab using a Shure (model SM 10A) head-mounted microphone.
They used Korean on a daily basis and used English an average of 3 hours per day. The long LOR group consisted of thirteen participants (N=13, 6 men and 7 women) who had resided for more than three to ten years. They were also recruited in the western part of the US.
They were evaluated as pure monolinguals or novice learners in L2 English. The short LOR group consisted of thirteen participants (N=13; 5 men and 8 women) and recruited in the western part of the US. The mean age was 32.
4 (range 18− 32). They were recruited at a university in Seoul, Korea. They all went through the Korean school system up to high school in Korea.

데이터처리

In order to determine if Korean stops varied with LOR, one-way ANOVAs were run on the VOT of each stop with group (i.e., LOR) as a between-subject factor. If there are significant differences among the groups, we can expect that speakers’ production of L1 stops can be influenced by the amount of L2 exposure (i.
The acoustic data obtained were statistically tested using repeated measures analysis of variance (RM ANOVA) in the context of a univariate context of a general linear model (SPSS/PASW, 2018). The main goal of the present study was to examine whether there was any main effect of LOR (i.

성능/효과

Compared with female speakers, the three-way contrast was still maintained by most of male speakers who were known to be very conservative in sound change. Fifth, the change showed huge interand intra-speaker variability. Some individuals showed the merger, while others did not.
Post hoc tests were also run to answer the following questions: (i) whether any differences in pairs among three groups and stops were significant and (ii) whether any differences in stop pairs among individual speakers were significant. For statistical analysis, effects of LOR, stop, place, and gender on VOT in the production of Korean stops were mainly focused because of most central interest in this paper.
In conclusion, there are little effects of LOR on VOT in the production of L1 Korean stops. The VOT merger as evidence of a sound change in Korean stop are predominantly shown for women across the groups.
001]. Post hoc Tukey HSD determined that, for the lax stop, differences in the No-Long and Short-Long LOR pairs were statistically significant (p<.005) and for the tense stop, differences in the No-Short LOR and Short-Long LOR pairs were statistically significant (p<.005). Pairwise comparisons revealed that the group differences were not consistent.

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