Jung, Jiyoun
(Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea)
,
Choi, Jaesung
(Department of Economics, Sungkyunkwan University)
,
Myong, Jun-Pyo
(Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea)
,
Kim, Hyoung-Ryoul
(Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea)
,
Kang, Mo-Yeol
(Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea)
Background: This study aimed to examine the association between educational level and unable to work due to ill-health (UWdIH) among 30- to 79-year-old South Koreans. Methods: A cross-sectional nationwide survey of the 2010-2016 Korea National Health and Nutritional Evaluation Survey was used for an...
Background: This study aimed to examine the association between educational level and unable to work due to ill-health (UWdIH) among 30- to 79-year-old South Koreans. Methods: A cross-sectional nationwide survey of the 2010-2016 Korea National Health and Nutritional Evaluation Survey was used for analyses. A total of 29,930 participants aged ≥30 and < 80 years, who do not have any disability in their daily life because of health problems, were included. Educational level and reason for nonworking are self-reported with multiple choices. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine an association between education level and UWdIH by setting those who graduated college as their final education (n = 6,997) as a baseline while controlling for potential confounding factors. Results: In the age-stratified result, the ratio of UWdIH was increased as age increases in 3 educational groups (p < .0001). There was a tendency that low-level educated [International Standard Classification of Education (0-2)] participants showed higher ratio of UWdIH than high-level educated [International Standard Classification of Education (5≤)] participants in both sexes (odds ratio: 2.54, 95% confidence interval: 2.12-3.05). Conclusion: There is a clear link between educational level and UWdIH; the less the educated, the more likely to be UWdIH. Policy priority should be given to plans that can help this vulnerable social group to work and enjoy healthy lives.
Background: This study aimed to examine the association between educational level and unable to work due to ill-health (UWdIH) among 30- to 79-year-old South Koreans. Methods: A cross-sectional nationwide survey of the 2010-2016 Korea National Health and Nutritional Evaluation Survey was used for analyses. A total of 29,930 participants aged ≥30 and < 80 years, who do not have any disability in their daily life because of health problems, were included. Educational level and reason for nonworking are self-reported with multiple choices. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine an association between education level and UWdIH by setting those who graduated college as their final education (n = 6,997) as a baseline while controlling for potential confounding factors. Results: In the age-stratified result, the ratio of UWdIH was increased as age increases in 3 educational groups (p < .0001). There was a tendency that low-level educated [International Standard Classification of Education (0-2)] participants showed higher ratio of UWdIH than high-level educated [International Standard Classification of Education (5≤)] participants in both sexes (odds ratio: 2.54, 95% confidence interval: 2.12-3.05). Conclusion: There is a clear link between educational level and UWdIH; the less the educated, the more likely to be UWdIH. Policy priority should be given to plans that can help this vulnerable social group to work and enjoy healthy lives.
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
문제 정의
Taken together, these results suggest that there is a negative association between UWdIH and educational level; the less the educational level, the more likely to be UWdIH. This study aimed to examine the association between educational level and UWdIH among 30- to 79-year-old South Koreans. The main finding of this study was a clear educational gradient in UWdIH risk throughout all age groups.
제안 방법
For this study, we used data from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Evaluation Survey (KNHANES), which are crosssectional surveys that have been conducted annually since 1998 by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to assess the health and nutritional status of the Korean population. We merged data of the KNHANES from 2010 to 2016.
Given the known limitations and challenges of the broader body of evidence, the present study aimed to examine not crude unemployment due to various reasons but the specific UWdIH by educational level using nationally representative data of the South Korean population.
대상 데이터
Participants experiencing disability in their daily lives because of health problems were also excluded to distinguish whose congenital disorder had influenced their educational level, and missing data for smoking, self-rated health, and household income were also excluded. Thus, we finally included 29,528 eligible participants in this study. After that, we further excluded nonworking population due to reasons other than health problem.
성능/효과
The results of the logistic regression analysis are summarized in Table 2. In Model 1, adjusting for age, the odds ratios (ORs) for intermediate education group and low-level education group were 2.52 (95% [confidence interval (CI): 2.07-3.06] and 5.89 (95% CI: 4.89-7.10) for both sexes, respectively. In Model 2, age and smoking habits were adjusted, while age, smoking habit, and self-rated health were adjusted in Model 3.
Thus, people with different educational levels will have different opportunities for continuing to work, according to their working conditions, even if they have similar health status. The results of the present study also showed that even after adjusting for self-rated health status, total household income, and health behavior (smoking), workers with low educational level were more likely to be nonworking because of their health problems. This suggests that low educational level is a strong predictor of social vulnerability, and this socially vulnerable group could be exiled from the workplace, although they can live their daily lives without facing any significant health problems and they perceive their health to be good enough (Supplementary Figure 3).
참고문헌 (23)
1 Artazcoz L. Benach J. Borrell C. Cortes I. Unemployment and mental health: understanding the interactions among gender, family roles, and social class Am J Public Health 94 2004 82 88 14713703
5 Bruusgaard D. Smeby L. Claussen B. Education and disability pension: a stronger association than previously found Scand J Public Health 38 2010 686 690 20709890
6 Christensen K.B. Labriola M. Lund T. Kivimaki M. Explaining the social gradient in long-term sickness absence: a prospective study of Danish employees J？Epidemiol Community Health 62 2008 181 183 18192608
7 Hansen H.-T. Ingebrigtsen T. Social class and sickness absence in Norway Acta Sociol 51 2008 309 327
9 Haukenes I. Mykletun A. Knudsen A.K. Hansen H.T. Maeland J.G. Disability pension by occupational class--the impact of work-related factors: the Hordaland Health Study Cohort BMC Public Health 11 2011 406 21619716
10 Huisman M. Kunst A.E. Bopp M. Educational inequalities in cause-specific mortality in middle-aged and older men and women in eight western European populations Lancet 365 2005 493 500 15705459
11 Johansson E. Leijon O. Falkstedt D. Farah A. Hemmingsson T. Educational differences in disability pension among Swedish middle-aged men: role of factors in late adolescence and work characteristics in adulthood J？Epidemiol Community Health 66 2012 901 907 22068029
12 Kaikkonen R. Harkanen T. Rahkonen O. Gould R. Koskinen S. Explaining educational differences in sickness absence: a population-based follow-up study Scand J Work Environ Health 41 2015 338 346 25928580
13 Kim J.H. Noh J. Choi J.W. Park E.C. Association of education and smoking status on risk of diabetes mellitus: a population-based nationwide cross-sectional study Int J Environ Res Public Health 14 2017 655
14 Laaksonen M. Rantala J. Jarnefelt N. Kannisto J. Educational differences in years of working life lost due to disability retirement Eur J Public Health 28 2018 264 268 29293988
15 Manor O. Eisenbach Z. Friedlander Y. Kark J.D. Educational differentials in mortality from cardiovascular disease among men and women: the Israel Longitudinal Mortality Study Ann Epidemiol 14 2004 453 460 15301781
16 North F. Syme S.L. Feeney A. Head J. Shipley M.J. Marmot M.G. Explaining socioeconomic differences in sickness absence: the Whitehall II Study BMJ 306 1993 361 366 8461681
17 Polvinen A. Laaksonen M. Gould R. Lahelma E. Leinonen T. Martikainen P. Socioeconomic differences in cause-specific disability retirement in Finland, 1988 to 2009 J？Occup Environ Med 58 2016 840 845 27500996
18 Schuring M. Robroek S.J. Lingsma H.F. Burdorf A. Educational differences in trajectories of self-rated health before, during, and after entering or leaving paid employment in the European workforce Scand J Work Environ Health 41 2015 441 450 26186611
19 Sumanen H. Rahkonen O. Pietilainen O. Lahelma E. Roos E. Lahti J. Educational differences in disability retirement among young employees in Helsinki, Finland Eur J Public Health 26 2016 318 322 26678276
20 Cutler D.M. Lleras-Muney A. Understanding differences in health behaviors by education J？Health Econ 29 2010 1 28 19963292
21 Brownell K.D. Kersh R. Ludwig D.S. Personal responsibility and obesity: a constructive approach to a controversial issue Health Aff (Millwood) 29 2010 379 387 20194976
22 Falkstedt D. Backhans M. Lundin A. Allebeck P. Hemmingsson T. Do working conditions explain the increased risks of disability pension among men and women with low education? A follow-up of Swedish cohorts Scand J Work Environ Health 40 2014 483 492 24942485
23 Gravseth H.M. Bjerkedal T. Irgens L.M. Aalen O.O. Selmer R. Kristensen P. Influence of physical, mental and intellectual development on disability in young Norwegian men Eur J Public Health 18 2008 650 655 18593730
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.