Kim, Yi Seul
(Hankyong and Genetics)
,
Tseveen, Khaliunaa
(The Graduate School, Department of Animal Life and Environment Science, Hankyong National University)
,
Batsukh, Badamsuren
(Department of Biotechnology and Breeding, Mongolian University of Life Sciences)
,
Seong, Jiyeon
(Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University)
,
Kong, Hong Sik
(Hankyong and Genetics)
Food and agricultural production sector, especially livestock production is vital for Mongolia's economic and social development. Domestic sheep play key roles for Mongolians, providing food (meat, milk) and raw materials (wool, sheepskin), but genetic diversity, origin of sheep populations in Mongo...
Food and agricultural production sector, especially livestock production is vital for Mongolia's economic and social development. Domestic sheep play key roles for Mongolians, providing food (meat, milk) and raw materials (wool, sheepskin), but genetic diversity, origin of sheep populations in Mongolia have not been well studied. Studies of population genetic diversity is important research field in conservation and restoration of animal breeds and genetic resources. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate genetic characteristics and estimate origin through the analysis of mitochondrial DNA control region D-loop and Cytochrome b of Mongolian indigenous sheep (Mongolian native, Orkhon and Altanbulag) and one Europe sheep (Suffolk). As a result of there were found, 220 SNPs (Single nucleotide polymorphism) in the D-loop region, 28 SNPs in the Cytochrome B region, furthermore, 77 Haplotypes. The nucleotide diversity was only found in D-loop region (n = 0.0184). Phylogenetic analysis showed that 3 (A, B, and C) of 5 haplogroups of sheep have been identified in our research. Haplogroup C was only found in Mongolian indigenous sheep. Haplogroup D and E were not observed. As a result of haplogroups, haplogroup A was dominant (n = 46 of 94 sheeps), followed by haplogroup B (n = 36) and haplogroup C (n = 12). Sequence analysis showed that T deletion, insertion and heteroplasmy in D-loop region occurred at a high rate in Mongolian indigenous sheep population (T insertion = 47, T deletion = 83). The heteroplasmy, which has never been found in Mongolian sheep, has been newly discovered in this study. As a result, the Mongolian sheep varieties, which mainly derived from Asia, were in hybridization with European sheep varieties.
Food and agricultural production sector, especially livestock production is vital for Mongolia's economic and social development. Domestic sheep play key roles for Mongolians, providing food (meat, milk) and raw materials (wool, sheepskin), but genetic diversity, origin of sheep populations in Mongolia have not been well studied. Studies of population genetic diversity is important research field in conservation and restoration of animal breeds and genetic resources. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate genetic characteristics and estimate origin through the analysis of mitochondrial DNA control region D-loop and Cytochrome b of Mongolian indigenous sheep (Mongolian native, Orkhon and Altanbulag) and one Europe sheep (Suffolk). As a result of there were found, 220 SNPs (Single nucleotide polymorphism) in the D-loop region, 28 SNPs in the Cytochrome B region, furthermore, 77 Haplotypes. The nucleotide diversity was only found in D-loop region (n = 0.0184). Phylogenetic analysis showed that 3 (A, B, and C) of 5 haplogroups of sheep have been identified in our research. Haplogroup C was only found in Mongolian indigenous sheep. Haplogroup D and E were not observed. As a result of haplogroups, haplogroup A was dominant (n = 46 of 94 sheeps), followed by haplogroup B (n = 36) and haplogroup C (n = 12). Sequence analysis showed that T deletion, insertion and heteroplasmy in D-loop region occurred at a high rate in Mongolian indigenous sheep population (T insertion = 47, T deletion = 83). The heteroplasmy, which has never been found in Mongolian sheep, has been newly discovered in this study. As a result, the Mongolian sheep varieties, which mainly derived from Asia, were in hybridization with European sheep varieties.
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문제 정의
In this context, the purpose of our study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and to clarify the origin of the MIS using the analysis of the mitochondrial markers D-loop and CytB. By comparative analysis of specific mitochondrial markers and complex molecular phylogeny, this study aims to identify the clear descendants and interrelation of the MIS with Europe sheep.
제안 방법
2μL of Hot Start Taq DNA Polymerase and DW (distilled water) was used to perform PCR using the Gene Amp PCR system 9700 (Applied Bio systems, Foster City, CA, USA). The PCR amplification was conducted using following conditions: pre-denaturation at 95oC for 10 minutes followed by 35 cycles of 95oC for 45 seconds, 55oC-59oC for 45 seconds, and 72oC for 60 seconds. After 15 minutes of extension at 72oC, the reaction was terminated at 4oC.
For this, it is essential to estimate and confirm the origin through the genetic diversity and structural studies of Mongolian sheep. This study analyzed mtDNA two regions of CytB and D-loop, which have many mtDNA mutations to estimate the origin of Mongolian sheep and to investigate the genetic diversity and structure. The data indicated an abundant genetic diversity in Mongolian sheep population.
대상 데이터
, 2011) sheep mtDNA haplogroup reference sequences. Ovine 743bp of CytB sequences were examined in 94 sheep samples (72 MIS, 22 Europe sheeps), which are representing four populations of sheeps raised in Mongolia (Fig. 1). In detection of total 17 haplotypes in CytB region of four sheep populations, 7 belong to Altanbulag sheep, 10 to MN sheep.
이론/모형
DNA samples were extracted from the blood a using the Quick Gene DNA Whole blood Kit (KURABO, Japan) according the manufacturer’s instruction methods.
성능/효과
, 2005), all these 93 haplotypes of MIS and Europe sheep can be clearly grouped into these three lineages A, B, and C with 46, 36 and 12 haplotypes, respectively. Finally, the result of Haplogroup showed that the number of haplotypes of D-loop was greater than CytB, but the result of haplogroup was consistent in Dloop and CytB (Table 2). Altanbulag sheep’s haplogroupA was predominant at 60.
Heteroplasmy was found in Mongolian sheep population, but has not been reported in previous studies. In the result of sequencing of each type, heteroplasmy was generated by deletion of 1 repeat in 75nt tandem repeat of diversity in the D-loop, and appeared in both of the short mutant genome and the normal genome. Heteroplasmy was discovered in 8 of 94 Mongolian sheeps (3 Altanbulag sheeps, 2 MN sheeps, 1 Orkhon sheep, 2 Suffolk sheeps; Table 3).
후속연구
Heritability was high, as the mutation has occurred in MIS from the ancient times. Further research will incorporate ancient sheep samples from archeological sites in Mongolia with a much large number of samples from the border area in Mongolia to contribute to a better understanding of the origin of MIS. Also additional molecular studies are required using domestic sheep from neighbor countries such as Russia and China.
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