[논문]Comparison of Ultrasonic Velocities between Direct and Indirect Methods on 30 mm × 30 mm Spruce Lumber

OH, Sei Chang

doi:10.5658/wood.2020.48.4.562

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

This study investigates the relationship between ultrasonic velocity and density in the direct method, the effect of distance between transducers in the indirect method, and the difference between the direct and indirect methods with transducers placed at a distance of 200 mm in nondestructive ultra...

This study investigates the relationship between ultrasonic velocity and density in the direct method, the effect of distance between transducers in the indirect method, and the difference between the direct and indirect methods with transducers placed at a distance of 200 mm in nondestructive ultrasonic testing of spruce lumber. The direct method using 54 kHz ultrasonic transducers was applied to two planes, namely, radial section (LR) and tangential section (LT) of samples. The indirect method measurements were taken using the same transducers. Two velocities were measured at the top and bottom of the LT plane and at the two sides of the LR plane; the two values for each plane were averaged. The relationship between density and ultrasound velocity in the direct method demonstrated a positive correlation between the two variables. The difference between the two planes, LT and LR, was not statistically significant. Moreover, the distance between the transducers in the indirect method affected ultrasound velocity, with the ultrasonic velocity increasing as the distance between the transducers became larger. A transducer distance of 200 mm yielded a close approximation of the direct method results with a ratio of 0.87. Finally, no statistical evidence of a difference between the two planes in the indirect method was found. If the direct method, which requires access to two surfaces, is impractical, the indirect method can be applied.

Keyword

표/그림 (7)

그림 Fig. 1. Dimension and plane of test sample.
그림 Fig. 2. Direct and Indirect ultrasonic test method in each plane.
그림 Fig. 3. Measurement process (A) and order of mea-surement (B) in indirect method.
그림 Fig. 4. Relationship between density and ultrasonic velocity in two planes.
표 Table 1. Ultrasonic velocity and ratios according to distance between transducers
그림 Fig. 5. Relationship between direct and indirect method in two planes.
그림 Fig. 6. Comparison the ultrasonic velocity between LT and LR plane in 200mm transducer distance.

AI 본문요약
AI-Helper

* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.

문제 정의

The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of density on the ultrasonic velocities of wood, and distance between transducers and plane of wood through comparison between direct and indirect method.

제안 방법

Ultrasonic test was carried out with two methods as direct and indirect method using Pundit Lab Plus test equipment. The pair of corn type (exponential) transducers with 54 kHz were used as transmitter and receiver.

대상 데이터

30 pieces of spruce lumber with 35 × 35 × 3600 mm were purchased from local lumber supply company.

이론/모형

The test samples were conditioned in humidity chamber at 20℃ ± 2℃ temperature and 65% ± 5 % relative humidity before testing. Prior to testing, the test samples were weighed and their dimensions were measured to get the density according to KS F 2198. After testing, moisture contents were measured using electric resistance type moisture meter.

성능/효과

94 for three softwood and one hardwood (Aydin and Aydin, 2018). From the test results, it was possibly concluded that the ultrasonic velocity tended to increase as the density of the wood increased and their relationship was positively correlated. The effect of wood plane on the ultrasonic velocity was analyzed statistically in LR and LT plane of wood.
6. As a rule, the ultrasonic velocity of LT plane was slightly higher than that of LR planes except one case, but the difference was not found statistically significant (P(T<=t) = 0.099).

참고문헌 (17)

Aydin, T.Y., Aydin, M. 2018. Effect of density and propagation length on ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity in some important wood species grown in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Forestry 19(4): 413-418.
Baar, J., Tippner, J., Gryc, J. 2012. The influence of wood density on longitudinal wave velocity determined by the ultrasound method in comparison to the resonance longitudinal method. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 70: 767-769.

상세보기
Bucur, V. 1988. Wood structural anisotropy estimated by acoustic invariant. IAWA Bulletin 9(1): 67-74.
Korean Standard Association. 2016. Determination of density and specific gravity of wood. KS F 2198.
Machado, J.S., Palma, P., Simoes, S. 2009. Ultrasonic indirect method for evaluation clear wood strength and stiffness. International Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE09).
Maulana, S., Gumelar, Y., Fatrawana, A., Maulana, M. A., Hidayat, W., Sumardi, I., Wistara, N.J., Lee, S.H., Kim, N.H., Febrianto, F. 2019. Destructive and non-destructive tests of bamboo oriented strand board under various shelling ratios and resin contents. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 47(4): 519-532.

원문보기 상세보기
Nobile, L., Nobile, S. 2015. Some recent advances of ultrasonic diagnostic methods applied to materials and structures (including biological ones). Physics Procedia 70: 681-685.

상세보기
Oliveira, F.G., de Sales, A. 2006. Relationship between density and ultrasonic velocity in Brazilian tropical woods. Bioresource Technology 97(18): 2443-2446.

상세보기
Oh, S.C. 2015. Evaluation of influences of artificial defect of wood deck using non-destructive ultrasonic testing. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 43(1): 1-8.
Oh, S.C. 2017. Anisotropy of softwood structural lumber using the elastic modulus determined by the ultrasonic nondestructive method. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 45(1): 20-27.
Palma, S.S., Goncalves, R., Trinca, A.J., Costa, C.P., Reis, M.N., Marin, G.A. 2018. Interference from Knots, Wave Propagation Direction, and Effect of Juvenile and Reaction Wood on Velocities in Ultrasound Tomography. BioResources 13(2): 2834-2845.
Pang, S.J., Jeong, G.Y. 2019. Effects of density, temperature, size, grain angle of wood materials on nondestructive moisture meters. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 47(1): 40-50.

원문보기 상세보기
Park, J.V., Hong, S.I. 2008. Determination of localized defects in wood by the transfer time of ultrasonic Waves. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 36(1): 61-68.
Ringger, T., Hofflin, L., Dill-Langer, G., Aicher, S. 2003. Measurements on the acoustic anisotropy of soft and hard wood: Effects on source location. Otto-Graf-Journal 14: 231-25.
Savaliya, K.D., Thaker, K.K., Dave, U.V. 2014. Comparison between different methods of ultrasonic pulse velocity tests on concrete. International Journal of Engineering Research. National Conference on Advances in Engineering and Technology, 29th March 2014: 41-44.
Senalik, C., Schueneman, A., Robert, J.R. 2014. Ultrasonic-Based Nondestructive Evaluation Methods for Wood. A Primer and Historical Review. Forest Products Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service General Technical Report FPL-GTR-235.
Sutan, N.M., Meganathan, M. 2003. A Comparison between direct and indirect method of ultrasonic pulse velocity in detecting concrete defects. E-Journal of Nondestructive Testing 8(5): 1-9.

이 논문을 인용한 문헌

활용도 분석정보

상세보기

다운로드

내보내기

활용도 Top5 논문

해당 논문의 주제분야에서 활용도가 높은 상위 5개 콘텐츠를 보여줍니다.
더보기 버튼을 클릭하시면 더 많은 관련자료를 살펴볼 수 있습니다.

내보내기 구분	파일저장 인쇄 메일전송
구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

연합인증

[국내논문] Comparison of Ultrasonic Velocities between Direct and Indirect Methods on 30 mm × 30 mm Spruce Lumber 원문보기

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Keyword

표/그림 (7)

표/그림 (7)

AI 본문요약
AI-Helper

문제 정의

제안 방법

대상 데이터

이론/모형

성능/효과

참고문헌 (17)

이 논문을 인용한 문헌

활용도 분석정보

활용도 Top5 논문

관련 콘텐츠

원문 보기

원문 URL 링크

오픈액세스(OA) 유형

이 논문과 함께 이용한 콘텐츠

AI-Helper ※ AI-Helper는 오픈소스 모델을 사용합니다.

선택된 텍스트

연합인증

[국내논문] Comparison of Ultrasonic Velocities between Direct and Indirect Methods on 30 mm × 30 mm Spruce Lumber 원문보기

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Keyword

표/그림 (7) 모든 표/그림 보기

표/그림 (7) 슬라이드로 보기

AI 본문요약 엑셀 다운로드 AI-Helper

문제 정의

제안 방법

대상 데이터

이론/모형

성능/효과

참고문헌 (17)

이 논문을 인용한 문헌

활용도 분석정보

활용도 Top5 논문 더보기

관련 콘텐츠

원문 보기

원문 URL 링크

오픈액세스(OA) 유형

이 논문과 함께 이용한 콘텐츠

AI-Helper ※ AI-Helper는 오픈소스 모델을 사용합니다.

선택된 텍스트

표/그림 (7)

표/그림 (7)

AI 본문요약
AI-Helper

활용도 Top5 논문