[논문]강원도 철원 샘통과 주변 지표수 및 지하수의 수리화학 및 미생물 군집 특성 연구

유한선; 문진아; 김희정

doi:10.9720/kseg.2023.2.257

강원도 철원 샘통과 주변 지표수 및 지하수의 수리화학 및 미생물 군집 특성 연구
Hydrochemical and Microbial Community Characteristics of Spring, Surface Water and Groundwater at Samtong in Cheorwon, South Korea 원문보기

지질공학 = The journal of engineering geology, v.33 no.2, 2023년, pp.257 - 273

유한선 (강원대학교 지질학과) , 문진아 (강원대학교 지질학과) , 김희정 (강원대학교 지질학과)

초록
AI-Helper

본 연구에서는 철원 샘통과 그 일대의 지하수 및 지표수의 지구화학 및 미생물 군집 특성을 분석하였다. 2022년 12월 15일 철원 샘통 5개, 지하수 3개 그리고 지표수 2개, 총 10개 지점에서 야외조사를 수행하였다. 수화학분석 결과 샘통과 지표수는 모두 Ca-HCO₃ 유형에 도시되었으며, 지하수 한 지점(CSG3)을 제외한 나머지 지점은 모두 Na-HCO₃ 유형에 도시되었다. 또한 모든 지점은 같은 기상수의 기원으로 물암석 반응이 우세하게 영향을 준 것으로 보인다. 라돈 농도 분석 결과 지표수는 1,000 Bq/m³ 이하, 샘통은 1,000~10,000 Bq/m³, 지하수는 1,000~1,000,000 Bq/m³의 농도 값을 보였다. 미생물 군집 구조 분석 결과 문(phylum) 비율 중 가장 우점종은 Proteobacteria, Planctomyceta, Verrucomicrobia, Acidobacteria, Actinomycetota 순으로 나타났다. 비계량적 다차원 척도법 모델링(NMDS)에서는 수온, pH, Si가 현장의 토착미생물과 밀접한 연관성을 보였다. NMDS와 CCA 결과에서 샘통에 영향을 미치는 주요 환경적 요소는 온도, Mg, Si로 나타나며, 그 환경적인 영향과 관련된 주요 미생물은 Acidobacteria와 Proteobacteria 중 Pseudomonas brenneri이다. 수화학 및 미생물 군집 분석 모두 샘통과 지하수 CSG3 지점에서 유사한 결과를 보였으며, 현무암 대수층의 영향을 받은 것으로 추정된다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Hydrochemical characteristics and microbial communities of spring (Samtong), surface water, and groundwater in Cheorwon, Korea, were analyzed. Field surveys and water quality analyses were undertaken at 10 sampling points for five spring, two surface, and three groundwater samples on 15 December 2022. Hydrochemical analysis revealed that most water samples were Ca-HCO3 type and that water-rock interactions were the predominant mineral source. Radon concentrations were <1 kBq m-3 for surface water, 1~10 kBq m-3 for spring water, and 1~1,000 kq m-3 for groundwater. Microbial cluster analysis showed that the main phyla were Proteobacteria, Planctomyceta, Verrucomicrobia, Acidobacteria, and Actinomycetota.Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis indicated that water temperature, pH, and Si content were closely related to microorganism content. NMDS and canonical correspondence analysis results revealed that environmental factors affecting spring water were temperature, and Mg and Si concentrations, particularly for Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria, and Pseudomonas brenneri. Both hydrochemical and microbial community analyses yielded similar results at some spring and groundwater sampling points, likely due to the effects of a basalt aquifer.

주제어

표/그림 (14)

그림 Fig. 1. Annual precipitation and average temperature for 10 years and monthly average temperature and precipitation for 2022 in the Cheorwon.
그림 Fig. 2. Location map of the study area with sampling locations.
표 Table 1. Statistics of field parameters and ionic compositions of spring water, stream water and groundwater for (Dec. 2023)
그림 Fig. 3. Water types of spring water, surface water and groundwater in the studied area.
그림 Fig. 4. Gibbs diagrams of the spring water, groundwater and surface water samples in the studied area.
그림 Fig. 5. Relationship between the δ¹⁸O and δ²H values in spring water, surface water and groundwater.
그림 Fig. 6. Radon concentration values in spring water, surface water and groundwater.
그림 Fig. 7. Phylum and class level taxonomic classification of bacteria samples and UniFrac UPGMA clustering of the bacteria communities. Only Phylum with a total dominance of )1% were selected.
표 Table 2. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and alpha-diversity indices of the becterial communities in waters
그림 Fig. 8. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis red labels for major bacterial species (comprising >1 % of the total community composition of each sample) at phylum level resolution. The blue line and labels correspond to the environmental conditions and geochemical concentrations, and the black labels represent the individual samples. Arrows indicate the correlation vectors of community differences and the process parameters with significance factors p< 0.001.
표 Table 3. Results of non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis for bacteria in the 10 water samples with phy sicochemical data
그림 Fig. 9. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) red labels for major bacterial species at phylum level resolution. The blue lines and labels correspond to the environmental conditions and geochemical concentrations, and the black labels represent the individual samples.
표 Table 3. Continued
표 Table 4. Results of canonical correspondence (CCA) analysis for bacteria in the 10 water samples with physicochemical data

AI 본문요약
AI-Helper

대상 데이터

연구지역은 강원도 철원군 철원읍과 동송읍 일대로 한반도 군사분계선 내에 위치한다. 군사기지 및 군사시설 보호법에 따라 대부분이 통제보호구역으로 지정되어있어 연구지역에 접근이 쉽지 않다.
군사기지 및 군사시설 보호법에 따라 대부분이 통제보호구역으로 지정되어있어 연구지역에 접근이 쉽지 않다. 연구지역인 철원읍 내포리에는 한탄강 유네스코 세계지질공원 지질명소인 샘통이 위치하고 있다.

이론/모형

10개의 시료에서 미생물 군집 역학은 Illumina MiSeq sequencing 분석으로 분석하였다(Table 2). OUT 및 알파 다양성 지수는 Table 2에 요약되어 있다.
1차 PCR 생성물을 AMPure bead(Agencourt Bioscience, Beverly, MA)로 정제하였다. 정제 후, 1차 PCR 생성물의 2 ul을 NexteraXT Indexed Primer를 이용하여 인덱스가 포함된 최종 라이브러리 구축을 위해 PCR 증폭하였다. 2차 PCR의 cycle 조건은 10 cycle을 제외하고는 1차 PCR 조건과 동일하게 진행하였고, 2차 PCR 생성물을 AMPure bead로 정제하였다.

성능/효과

OTU 수의 평균은 샘통 451, 지표수 488, 지하수 334으로 유사하게 나타났으나, 가장 높은 OTU 수는 CSS4이다. Chao1, Shannon 지수를 물의 종류 별 평균 계산하였을 때 샘통 486, 2.43, 지표수 528, 3.92, 지하수 350, 3.68로 지표수가 가장 높은 값을 보였으나 개개의 시료별로 보았을 때 CSS4가 가장 높은 값을 보인다. 이는 지표수가 샘통와 지하수보다 미생물 다양성이 더 풍부함을 보여준다.
Inverse Simpson과 Good’s coverage of library 값은 샘플 범위 내에서 미생물 군집의 다양성의 유사성을 나타내는 지표이다. 전체적으로 샘통의 미생물 군집 구조는 지표수와 지하수의 사이 값을 보였다.
현장수질 측정 결과 샘통의 경우 수온은 9.5~13.4°C, 지표수는 2.4~4.0°C, 지하수는 12~13.4°C로 샘통은 지하수와 비슷한 수온을 보였으며, pH농도는 샘통 7.12~7.36, 지표수 8.34~8.64, 지하수 7.82~8.34이다

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표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

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구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

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