Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) isolated from Panax ginseng relaxes vessels and exerts a cytoprotective effect. In view of the fact that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in vascular hyporeactivity and immunostimulation, the effects of total ginsenosides (GS) and Rg3 on the vascular responses and the expression o...
Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) isolated from Panax ginseng relaxes vessels and exerts a cytoprotective effect. In view of the fact that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in vascular hyporeactivity and immunostimulation, the effects of total ginsenosides (GS) and Rg3 on the vascular responses and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were investigated.Vasocontraction of endothelium‐denuded aortic ring was induced by phenylephrine with or without GS or Rg3. The expression of iNOS was assessed by Western blot and RT-PCR analyses. NF‐κB activation was monitored by gel shift, immunoblot and immunocytochemical analyses.Incubation of the endothelium‐denuded aortic ring with GS or Rg3 inhibited phenylephrine‐induced vasocontraction, which was abrogated by NOS inhibition. GS or Rg3 increased NO production in aortic rings, but Rb1, Rc, Re and Rg1 had no effect.Aortic rings obtained from rats treated with GS or Rg3 responded to phenylnephrine to a lesser extent, while producing NO to a larger extent, than those from control animals. GS or Rg3 induced iNOS in vascular smooth muscle.Rg3 induced iNOS with increase in NO production in Raw264.7 cells. Rg3 increased NF‐κB DNA binding, whose band was supershifted with anti‐p65 and anti‐p50 antibodies, and elicited p65 nuclear translocation, which was accompanied by phosphorylation and degradation of I‐κBα. PKC regulated iNOS induction by Rg3.In conclusion, Rg3 relaxes vessels as a consequence of NO production, to which iNOS induction contributes, and iNOS induction by Rg3 accompanied NF‐κB activation, which involves phosphorylation and degradation of I‐κBα and nuclear translocation of p65.British Journal of Pharmacology (2003) 140, 661-670. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705490
Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) isolated from Panax ginseng relaxes vessels and exerts a cytoprotective effect. In view of the fact that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in vascular hyporeactivity and immunostimulation, the effects of total ginsenosides (GS) and Rg3 on the vascular responses and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were investigated.Vasocontraction of endothelium‐denuded aortic ring was induced by phenylephrine with or without GS or Rg3. The expression of iNOS was assessed by Western blot and RT-PCR analyses. NF‐κB activation was monitored by gel shift, immunoblot and immunocytochemical analyses.Incubation of the endothelium‐denuded aortic ring with GS or Rg3 inhibited phenylephrine‐induced vasocontraction, which was abrogated by NOS inhibition. GS or Rg3 increased NO production in aortic rings, but Rb1, Rc, Re and Rg1 had no effect.Aortic rings obtained from rats treated with GS or Rg3 responded to phenylnephrine to a lesser extent, while producing NO to a larger extent, than those from control animals. GS or Rg3 induced iNOS in vascular smooth muscle.Rg3 induced iNOS with increase in NO production in Raw264.7 cells. Rg3 increased NF‐κB DNA binding, whose band was supershifted with anti‐p65 and anti‐p50 antibodies, and elicited p65 nuclear translocation, which was accompanied by phosphorylation and degradation of I‐κBα. PKC regulated iNOS induction by Rg3.In conclusion, Rg3 relaxes vessels as a consequence of NO production, to which iNOS induction contributes, and iNOS induction by Rg3 accompanied NF‐κB activation, which involves phosphorylation and degradation of I‐κBα and nuclear translocation of p65.British Journal of Pharmacology (2003) 140, 661-670. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705490
참고문헌 (44)
Ajizian, S J, English, B K, Meals, E A.
Specific inhibitors of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways block inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor accumulation in murine macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma..
The Journal of infectious diseases : official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America,
vol.179,
no.4,
939-944.
Andrew, Penelope J, Harant, Hanna, Lindley, Ivan J.D.
Up-regulation of interleukin-1β-stimulated interleukin-8 in human keratinocytes by nitric oxide.
Biochemical pharmacology,
vol.57,
no.12,
1423-1429.
Chan, Edward D., Chan, John, Schluger, Neil W..
What is the Role of Nitric Oxide in Murine and Human Host Defense against Tuberculosis? : Current Knowledge.
American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology : an official journal of the american thoracic society, medical section of the american lung association,
vol.25,
no.5,
606-612.
Chan, Marion Man-Ying, Fong, Dunne, Ho, Chi-Tang, Huang, Hsing-I.
Inhibition of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression and Enzyme Activity by Epigallocatechin Gallate, a Natural Product from Green Tea.
Biochemical pharmacology,
vol.54,
no.12,
1281-1286.
Cho, Min Kyung, Suh, Seung Hoon, Kim, Sang Geon.
JunB/AP-1 and NF-κB-Mediated Induction of Nitric Oxide Synthase by Bovine Type I Collagen in Serum-Stimulated Murine Macrophages.
Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry,
vol.6,
no.3,
319-332.
Cho, Yang Hee, Lee, Chang Ho, Kim, Sang Geon.
Potentiation of Lipopolysaccharide-Inducible Cyclooxygenase 2 Expression by C2-Ceramide via c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase-Mediated Activation of CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein β in Macrophages.
Molecular pharmacology,
vol.63,
no.3,
512-523.
Daulhac, Laurence, Kowalski-Chauvel, Aline, Pradayrol, Lucien, Vaysse, Nicole, Seva, Catherine.
Src-family Tyrosine Kinases in Activation of ERK-1 and p85/p110-phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase by G/CCKBReceptors.
The Journal of biological chemistry,
vol.274,
no.29,
20657-20663.
Friedl, Roswitha, Moeslinger, Thomas, Kopp, Brigitte, Spieckermann, Paul Gerhard.
Stimulation of nitric oxide synthesis by the aqueous extract of Panax ginseng root in RAW 264.7 cells.
British journal of pharmacology : BJP,
vol.134,
no.8,
1663-1670.
Han, Ki Hoon, Choe, Seong Choon, Kim, Hyo Soo, Sohn, Dae Won, Nam, Ki Yeul, Oh, Byung Hee, Lee, Myoung Mook, Park, Young Bae, Choi, Yun Shik, Seo, Jung Don, Lee, Young Woo.
Effect of Red Ginseng on Blood Pressure in Patients with Essential Hypertension and White Coat Hypertension.
The American journal of Chinese medicine,
vol.26,
no.2,
199-209.
Jeon, Byeong Hwa, Kim, Cuk Seong, Park, Kyoung Sook, Lee, Jae Woong, Park, Jin Bong, Kim, Kwang-Jin, Kim, Se Hoon, Chang, Seok Jong, Nam, Ki Yeul.
Effect of Korea red ginseng on the blood pressure in conscious hypertensive rats.
General pharmacology,
vol.35,
no.3,
135-141.
Kang, Keon Wook, Choi, So Yeon, Cho, Min Kyung, Lee, Chang Ho, Kim, Sang Geon.
Thrombin Induces Nitric-oxide Synthase via Gα12/13-coupled Protein Kinase C-dependent I-κBα Phosphorylation and JNK-mediated I-κBα Degradation.
The Journal of biological chemistry,
vol.278,
no.19,
17368-17378.
Kim, Nak Doo, Kang, Soo Yeon, Kim, Min Jung, Park, Jeong Hill, Schini-Kerth, Valerie B.
The ginsenoside Rg3 evokes endothelium-independent relaxation in rat aortic rings: role of K+ channels.
European journal of pharmacology,
vol.367,
no.1,
51-57.
Kim, Nak Doo, Kang, Soo Yeon, Park, Jeong Hill, Schini-Kerth, Valerie B.
Ginsenoside Rg3 mediates endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to ginsenosides in rat aorta: role of K+ channels.
European journal of pharmacology,
vol.367,
no.1,
41-49.
Kim, N.D., Kang, S.Y., Schini, V.B..
Ginsenosides evoke endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in rat aorta.
General pharmacology,
vol.25,
no.6,
1071-1077.
Mol. Pharmacol. KIM S.G. 225 51 1997 10.1124/mol.51.2.225 Enhancement of radiation‐inducible hepatic glutathione S‐trans‐ferase Ya1, Yb1, Yb2, Yc1, and Yc2 expression by oltipraz: possible role in radioprotection
Kim, W. Y., Kim, J. M., Han, S. B., Lee, S. K., Kim, N. D., Park, M. K., Kim, C. K., Park, J. H..
Steaming of Ginseng at High Temperature Enhances Biological Activity.
Journal of natural products,
vol.63,
no.12,
1702-1704.
Kubes, P.
Inducible nitric oxide synthase: a little bit of good in all of us..
Gut: journal of the British Society of Gastroenterology,
vol.47,
no.1,
6-9.
Kwon, Sung Won, Han, Sang Beom, Park, Il Ho, Kim, Jong Moon, Park, Man Ki, Park, Jeong Hill.
Liquid chromatographic determination of less polar ginsenosides in processed ginseng.
Journal of chromatography A,
vol.921,
no.2,
335-339.
Lee, Ae Kyung, Sung, Sang Hyun, Kim, Young Choong, Kim, Sang Geon.
Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide‐inducible nitric oxide synthase, TNF‐α and COX‐2 expression by sauchinone effects on I‐κBα phosphorylation, C/EBP and AP‐1 activation.
British journal of pharmacology : BJP,
vol.139,
no.1,
11-20.
Rahman, Arshad, True, Andrea L., Anwar, Khandaker N., Ye, Richard D., Voyno-Yasenetskaya, Tatyana A., Malik, Asrar B..
Gαqand Gβγ Regulate PAR-1 Signaling of Thrombin-Induced NF-κB Activation and ICAM-1 Transcription in Endothelial Cells.
Circulation research : a journal of the American Heart Association,
vol.91,
no.5,
398-405.
Salh, B., Wagey, R., Marotta, A., Tao, J. S., Pelech, S..
Activation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, Protein Kinase B, and p70 S6 Kinases in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Raw 264.7 Cells: Differential Effects of Rapamycin, Ly294002, and Wortmannin on Nitric Oxide Production.
The journal of immunology : official journal of the American Association of Immunologists,
vol.161,
no.12,
6947-6954.
Shirakawa, F, Mizel, S B.
In vitro activation and nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B catalyzed by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C..
Molecular and cellular biology,
vol.9,
no.6,
2424-2430.
Sirsjo, A., Soderkvist, P., Sundqvist, T., Carlsson, M., Ost, M., Gidlof, A..
Different induction mechanisms of mRNA for inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat smooth muscle cells in culture and in aortic strips.
FEBS letters,
vol.338,
no.2,
191-196.
Sung, Jidong, Han, Ki-Hoon, Zo, Joo-Hee, Park, Hwa-Jin, Kim, Cheol-Ho, Oh, Byung-Hee.
Effects of Red Ginseng upon Vascular Endothelial Function in Patients with Essential Hypertension.
The American journal of Chinese medicine,
vol.28,
no.2,
205-216.
Xie, Q.W., Kashiwabara, Y., Nathan, C..
Role of transcription factor NF-kappa B/Rel in induction of nitric oxide synthase..
The Journal of biological chemistry,
vol.269,
no.7,
4705-4708.
Promoter of the mouse gene encoding calcium-independent nitric oxide synthase confers inducibility by interferon gamma and bacterial lipopolysaccharide.
The Journal of experimental medicine,
vol.177,
no.6,
1779-1784.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.