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Measuring and Explaining Party Change in Taiwan: 1991-2004

Journal of East Asian studies, v.5 no.1, 2005년, pp.105 - 133  

Fell, Dafydd

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

This article examines party platform change in a third wave democratic country, Taiwan, during its first fourteen years of full multiparty elections. A variety of datasets show that Taiwan's parties have moved from polarized positions toward a moderate center on all core electoral issues. However, t...

참고문헌 (75)

  1. This point was made by a number of former NP politicians in interviews in the fall of 2001. 

  2. China Times , December 7, 1995, p. 16. 

  3. Author interview with Chang Chun-hong, Taipei, September 26, 2001. 

  4. Author interview with Huang Hui-chen, Taipei, September 26, 2001. 

  5. Although the DPP did not stress anticorruption in its newspaper ads in 1997, corruption was its main theme in its television advertising campaign. 

  6. China Times , November 5, 1995, p. 2. 

  7. China Times , November 5, 1993, p. 2. 

  8. Author interview with Yao Chia-wen, Taipei, October 2, 2001. 

  9. Author interview with Hsu Hsin-liang, Taipei, September 28, 2001. 

  10. China Times , November 6, 1997, p. 2. 

  11. See China Times , November 1, 1997, p. 3. 

  12. China Times , November 25, 1994, p. 2. 

  13. “The DPP's Party Image,” 1998 Ming-tong 

  14. Peng only received 21 percent of the vote, beating the DPP's previous all-time low of 23.9 percent in the Taiwanese-independence-centered campaign of 1991. 

  15. United Daily News , March 15, 2004, p. A1. 

  16. This point was made by a number of KMT politicians in my 2001 interviews. 

  17. Author interview with Ting Shou-chung, Taipei, September 27, 2001. 

  18. The DPP's Painful Transition 1998 Kuo 

  19. Author interview with Chang Jung-gong, Taipei, October 17, 2001. 

  20. For details, see http://www.mac.gov.tw. 

  21. Author interview with Hsieh Chi-ta, Kaohsiung, September 7, 2001. 

  22. Author interview with former KMT propaganda chief, Taipei, October 19, 2001. 

  23. Author interview with Apollo Chen, Taipei, September 28, 2001. 

  24. Author interview with Wu Den-yih, Nantou, October 8, 2001. 

  25. 10.1145/763893.763892 Author interview with Fu He-kang, Taipei, November 1, 2001. 

    상세보기 crossref

  26. Author interview with Yen Chin-fu, Taipei, September 28, 2001. 

  27. Author interview with Hsu Tien-tsai, Tainan, August 25, 2001. 

  28. Ibid. 

  29. “The Effects of Electoral Laws on Party Competition in Taiwan, 1989-1998: With Particular Reference to Single Non-Transferable Vote” 2001 Tsung-wei 

  30. My main criterion for selection was politicians who had been involved in a minimum of three national-level elections and those who held important decisionmaking positions in their parties during the 1990s. This included twenty-two from the KMT, twenty-nine from the DPP, and ten from the NP. The lower number of KMT respondents was due to a higher interview refusal rate. 

  31. How Asia Votes 32 2002 Hsieh 

  32. Data supplied by Sheng Shing-yuan of National Chengchi University's Election Study Center. 

  33. See Budge et al., Mapping Policy Preferences. 

  34. A rare exception to this neglect of ideology is Liu Tsung-wei, “Ideology, Strategy, and Party Change in Taiwan from 1989 to 1998,” paper presented at the seventh Taiwanese Political Science Association Conference, Kaohsiung, December 2000. 

  35. The term leapfrog refers to the process where Party A attempts to steal an issue from Party B by placing more emphasis on the issue in an election campaign. 

  36. Budge, Ian. A New Spatial Theory of Party Competition: Uncertainty, Ideology and Policy Equilibria Viewed Comparatively and Temporally. British journal of political science, vol.24, no.4, 443-467.

    상세보기 crossref

  37. In my interviews the most commonly cited defeats were 1991 for the DPP and 2000 for the KMT. 

  38. Harmel and Janda , “Integrated Theory,” p. 284. 

  39. Author interview with Chen Chung-hsin, Taipei, October 23, 2001. 

  40. An Economic Theory of Voting 1957 Downs 

  41. Harmel and Janda , “An Integrated Theory,” pp. 259-287, 261. 

  42. Liberty Times , November 28, 1992, p. 6. 

  43. The fieldwork in 2001 for this project was made possible by a research grant from the Center for Chinese Studies, National Central Library of Taiwan. I would also like to thank the Taiwan Studies Programme of the School of Oriental and African Studies and the Asia Research Centre of the London School of Economics for supporting a research trip in March 2004. 

  44. The only NP candidate elected was standing on the offshore island of Kinmen. 

  45. From Opposition to Power: Taiwan's Democratic Progressive Party 2001 10.1515/9781588261625 Rigger 

    crossref

  46. These three papers also reflect the main political currents, with the China Times closer to the Mainstream KMT faction, United Daily News sympathetic with the Nonmainstream KMT faction, and Liberty Times closer to the DPP. 

  47. Mapping Policy Preferences: Estimates for Parties, Electors, and Governments, 1945-1988 2001 Budge 

  48. I am indebted to the Taiwanese political scientist Wu Chung-li for pointing this out. 

  49. The figures for Taiwan independence are reached by subtracting the scores for “Taiwan independence: negative” from “Taiwan independence: positive.” Therefore a positive score represents support for Taiwan independence, while a negative score represents an anti-Taiwanese-independence stance. 

  50. Author interview with Wu Den-yih, Nantou, October 8, 2001. 

  51. In my 2001 interviews numerous KMT politicians accepted that the party's corrupt image had contributed to its fall from office. 

  52. Taiwan's Electoral Politics and Democratic Transition 137 1996 Tun-jen 

  53. Author interview with Lin Chuo-shui, Taipei, September 24, 2001. 

  54. Yu-shan Wu , “Moving Towards the Center.” 

  55. Yu-shan Wu , “Moving Towards the Center”; Chu-cheng Ming , “Centrifugal Competition.” 

  56. Hsieh John and Niou Emerson , “Salient Issues in Taiwan's Electoral Politics,” paper presented at the American Political Science Association Conference, September 1995. 

  57. China Times , November 7, 1997, p. 1. 

  58. Harmel, Robert, Janda, Kenneth. An Integrated Theory of Party Goals and Party Change. Journal of theoretical politics, vol.6, no.3, 259-287.

    상세보기 crossref

  59. Author interview with Hau Pei-tsun, Taipei, November 7, 2001. 

  60. For example, see Baum Julian , “Spring Cleaning: Old Style Politicians Hit by Corruption Indictments,” Far Eastern Economic Review , April 28, 1994, p. 18. 

  61. The elections included the National Assembly in 1991 and 1996; the Legislative Yuan in 1992, 1995, 1998, and 2001; the Municipal Executive (city mayor and county magistrates) in 1993, 1994, 1997, 1998, and 2001; the provincial governor in 1994; and the president in 1996, 2000, and 2004. Although the Municipal Executive is a local office, the media treats these campaigns as national events. Official ads refer to those clearly produced or financed by the party center or in presidential elections, by the official campaign headquarters. 

  62. Liu I-chou supplied Election Study Center data. 

  63. In my interviews with KMT politicians I was unable to find a single supporter of this proposal. 

  64. Author interview with Yang Tai-shun, Taipei, November 1, 2001. 

  65. Author interview with Wei Yong, Taipei, November 5, 2001. 

  66. See NP ad in United Daily News , November 22, 1998, p. 1. 

  67. Yu-shan Wu , “Moving Towards the Center: Taiwan's Public Opinion and Mainland Policy Shift,” Taiwan Security Research , 1998, available at http://www.taiwansecurity.org/ts-wu.htm; Chu-cheng Ming , “Centrifugal Competition and the Development of Republic of China's Party Politics,” Theory and Policy 12, no. 2 (Taipei, 1998): 142-156. 

  68. In the 2000 Election Study Center survey, respondents were asked to place themselves and the main parties on a spectrum in which passively maintaining the existing social welfare system equals 0 and actively promoting social welfare equals 10. In the 2000 survey the average placement for the DPP was 6.5, the KMT 4.8, the NP 5.2, and the respondent 5.6. 

  69. Ágh, Attila. Defeat and Success as Promoters of Party Change : The Hungarian Socialist Party after Two Abrupt Changes. Party politics, vol.3, no.3, 427-444.

    상세보기 crossref

  70. “Paths to Democracy: Taiwan in Comparative Perspective” 1998 Chia-long 

  71. Workers in the military, civil service, and education sectors have long had the best welfare provisions. Since these groups have a disproportionate number of mainlanders, some in the DPP have complained of an ethnic bias in the welfare system. 

  72. The groups that benefited most from the KMT's martial law-era welfare system were known as the “Jungongjiao,” meaning the military, civil service, and education sectors. 

  73. Author interview with NP chair Hsieh Chi-ta, Kaohsiung, September 7, 2001. 

  74. Ibid. 

  75. China Times , October 28, 1993, p. 2. 

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