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NTIS 바로가기Journal of East Asian studies, v.5 no.2, 2005년, pp.215 - 237
Case, William
Today many governments that seek to perpetuate their power operate hybrid regimes, manipulating institutions yet holding regular elections. In this way, governments gain some legitimacy for their extended incumbency through the residual competitiveness that this regime type allows. However, recent s...
Quoted in ibid., p. 303.
Ibid., p. 158.
Ooi , “Singapore,” p. 384.
Khin and Smith , “Burma,” p. 134.
Burma: The State of Myanmar 24 2001 Steinberg
Harbeson John W. , “Hybrid Regimes and the Restoration of Civil Society: Toward a New Paradigm,” paper delivered at the workshop “Democratization by Elections? The Dynamics of Electoral Authoritarianism,” CIDE and International Forum for Democratic Studies, Mexico City, April 2-3, 2004.
The Politics of Elections in Southeast Asia 178 1996 Taylor
Asian Studies Review “Malaysia's General Elections in 1999: A Consolidated and High-Quality Semi-Democracy,” 25 35 2001 Case
Case, William. Semi-Democracy in Malaysia: Withstanding the Pressures for Regime Change. Pacific affairs, vol.66, no.2, 183-205.
Huntington , The Third Wave, pp. 142-150. See also Bratton and van de Walle , Democratic Experiments in Africa, especially pp. 83-84; Bermeo Nancy , “Myths of Moderation: Confrontation and Conflict During Democratic Transitions.” In Anderson Lisa , ed., Transitions to Democracy (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999), pp. 120-140; Case William , “Democracy in Southeast Asia: What Does It Look Like and What Does It Matter?” In Beeson Mark , ed., Contemporary Southeast Asia: Regional Dynamics, National Differences (London: Palgrave, 2004), pp. 75-96.
Wurfel , Fililpino Politics, p. 292.
Schedler, Andreas. Elections Without Democracy: The Menu of Manipulation. Journal of democracy, vol.13, no.2, 36-50.
Schedler , “Menu of Manipulation,” p. 42.
The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century 137 1991 Huntington
Schedler , “Menu of Manipulation,” pp. 43-44.
Ibid., p. 43.
According to Bratton and van de Walle, this progression in which “shrinking economic opportunities and exclusionary rewards [become] a volatile recipe for social unrest” occurs even more readily in sub-Saharan Africa, with the region's neopatrimonialist politics never producing any industrialization at all. Bratton and van de Walle , Democratic Experiments in Africa, p. 83.
10.1353/jod.2002.0026 Levitsky and Way , “Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism,” p. 51.
Ibid., p. 3.
The Political Economy of the Asian Financial Crisis 167 2003 Haggard
Ottaway , Democracy Challenged, p. vi.
Schedler , “Menu of Manipulation,” p. 44.
Democracy Challenged: The Rise of Semi-Authoritarianism 2003 Ottaway
Ottaway , Democracy Challenged, p. 16.
Case, William. SINGAPORE IN 2003: Another Tough Year. Asian survey, vol.44, no.1, 115-120.
Tria Kerkvliet Benedict J. , “Contested Meanings of Elections in the Philippines.” In Taylor , Politics of Elections in Southeast Asia, p. 157.
Filipino Politics: Development and Decay 123 1988 Wurfel
Gomez Terence , “Malaysia.” In Sachsenroder and Frings , Political Party Systems, p. 267.
Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Prospects for Democracy 6 1986 O'Donnell
Leones Errol B. and Moraleda Miel , “Philippines.” In Sachsenroder and Frings , Political Party Systems, p. 330.
Political Party Systems and Democratic Development in East and Southeast Asia, vol. 1: Southeast Asia 392 1998 Seng
“Myanmar Announces Democracy Roadmap, ‘Free, Fair’ Polls,” 2003
Ibid., p. 330.
Political Oppositions in Industrialising Asia 128 1996 Jesudason
Indonesian Politics in Crisis: The Long Fall of Suharto, 1996-98 92 1999 Eklof
Levitsky and Way , “Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism,” pp. 58-59.
Win Khin Maung and Smith Alan , “Burma.” In Sachsenroder and Frings , Political Party Systems, p. 120.
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