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Epidemiology, v.21 no.6, 2010년, pp.884 - 891
Bell, Michelle L. (From the aYale University, School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, CT) , Belanger, Kathleen (bDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT) , Ebisu, Keita (and cHarvard University, School of Public Health, Boston, MA.) , Gent, Janneane F. , Lee, Hyung Joo , Koutrakis, Petros , Leaderer, Brian P.
BACKGROUND:: Exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) during pregnancy has been linked to lower birth weight; however, the chemical composition of PM2.5 varies widely. The health effects of PM2.5 constituents are unknown. METHODS:: We investigated whether PM2.5 mass, constituents, and sources are associated with birth weight for term births. PM2.5 filters collected in 3 Connecticut counties and 1 Massachusetts county from August 2000 through February 2004 were analyzed for more than 50 elements. Source apportionment was used to estimate daily contributions of PM2.5 sources, including traffic, road dust/crustal, oil combustion, salt, and regional (sulfur) sources. Gestational and trimester exposure to PM2.5 mass, constituents, and source contributions were examined in relation to birth weight and risk of small-at-term birth (term birth <2500 g) for 76,788 infants. RESULTS:: Road dust and related constituents such as silicon and aluminum were associated with lower birth weight, as were the motor-vehicle-related species such as elemental carbon and zinc, and the oil-combustion-associated elements vanadium and nickel. An interquartile range increase in exposure was associated with low birthweight for zinc (12% increase in risk), elemental carbon (13%), silicon (10%), aluminum (11%), vanadium (8%), and nickel (11%). Analysis by trimester showed effects of third-trimester exposure to elemental carbon, nickel, vanadium, and oil-combustion PM2.5. CONCLUSIONS:: Exposures of pregnant women to higher levels of certain PM2.5 chemical constituents originating from specific sources are associated with lower birth weight.
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