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A device and method for converting electrical energy into heat energy including a cascade connection of bidirectional thyristors, such as triacs, operated from an alternating current power supply. The thyristor are submerged in oil which is thermally conductive but electrically insulative, the oil b

A device and method for converting electrical energy into heat energy including a cascade connection of bidirectional thyristors, such as triacs, operated from an alternating current power supply. The thyristor are submerged in oil which is thermally conductive but electrically insulative, the oil being in initimate contact with the thyristors junctions. The heat energy at the junctions flows to the oil, from there to a heatsink (radiator), and from the radiator to the surrounding atmosphere.

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A heat-generating apparatus for converting electrical energy into heat energy comprising semiconductor means having a plurality of more than two semiconductor regions with junctions therebetween, a first of said regions serving as a control element, said first region in combination with a second reg

A heat-generating apparatus for converting electrical energy into heat energy comprising semiconductor means having a plurality of more than two semiconductor regions with junctions therebetween, a first of said regions serving as a control element, said first region in combination with a second region and other regions and junctions therebetween constituting a heat-producing section of said semiconductor means when an alternating current voltage of predetermined magnitude is connected thereacross, an alternating current voltage source connected to said first and second regions, the connections between said source and said first and second regions being bi-directionally conductive, said alternating current voltage and the impedance of said heating section providing a current through the latter at a value which maximizes the power loss thereacross thereby raising the temperature thereof to a predetermined level, and means proportioned and arranged for transferring the heat generated at a rate that maintains such power loss but prevents exceeding the same to an extent as will damage said semiconductor means.