초록 ▼

Solar energy (called energy to the extent it is thermodynamically useful) is focussed by an inflated, buoyant reflector for heating lithium circulating through an MHD conversion system. Hydrogen and nitrogen are added to the heated lithium, finely divided iron serving as catalyst to obtain lithium a

Solar energy (called energy to the extent it is thermodynamically useful) is focussed by an inflated, buoyant reflector for heating lithium circulating through an MHD conversion system. Hydrogen and nitrogen are added to the heated lithium, finely divided iron serving as catalyst to obtain lithium amid. The hydrogen has been produced by electrolysis of water. The lithium-lithium amid mixture (liquid) is mixed with pressurized nitrogen to obtain a two phase flow in which the liquid is accelerated; focussed into a jet passing through the MHD converter to obtain hydrazine and additional electrical energy e.g. for the hydrogen electrolysis; and returned to the solar heater. The gas (N 2 ) is separated; subjected to recuperative heat exchange with itself; and low temperature isothermic compression under direct contact with a liquid which in turn is, ultimately, air cooled. The entire assembly is of elongated construction wherein the main active elements are arranged along a center axis e.g. as part of a central tubing surrounded by smaller tubing which section-wise runs various fluids to their appropriate destinations while serving as support frame. The entire process runs on the basis of self-sustaining fluid circulations without moving parts; the thermo and hydrodynamics as well as the electromagnetic interactions are explained and mathematically analyzed. The use of hydrazine as universal fuel is explained on the basis of compatibility with the biosphere. Alternative modes of hydrazine synthesis including using nuclear reaction as primary heat source is discussed.

대표청구항 ▼

1. A system for converting thermal energy into different forms of energy including electrical energy, comprising: first means for providing a first circulation of a liquidous medium, the first circulation including means for heating the liquidous medium; second means for providing a second circu

1. A system for converting thermal energy into different forms of energy including electrical energy, comprising: first means for providing a first circulation of a liquidous medium, the first circulation including means for heating the liquidous medium; second means for providing a second circulation of a different gaseous medium, including means (a) for mixing it with the heated liquidous medium, thereby combining the first and second circulations; means (b) for causing the gaseous medium as mixed to expand, thereby accelerating the liquidous medium; and means (c) for separating the gaseous medium to continue separately in the second circulation; means included in the first circulation for extracting energy from the accelerated liquid, the liquid being returned to the means for heating pursuant to said first circulation; third means included in the second circulation to provide for recuperative heat exchange of the gaseous medium with itself, whereby the gaseous medium discharging thermal energy is taken from the means for separating, the gaseous medium receiving thermal energy being fed to the means for mixing; and a thermocompressor included in the second circulation and including a diffusion for compressing the gaseous medium having discharged thermal energy in the third means at a low constant temperature and feeding the gaseous medium following the compressing to the third means to receive therein discharged thermal energy from the gaseous medium taken from the means for separating. 2. A system as in claim 1, including diffusor means for the gaseous medium as taken from the means for separating, for pressurizing the medium to some extent, for driving it through the heat exchange; and nozzle means for accelerating the latter gaseous medium following the discharging of thermal energy but immediately preceding the compressing in the thermocompressor. 3. A system as in claim 1 and including means for providing for a third circulation of a coolant and connected to the thermocompressor to obtain heat exchange between said coolant and said gaseous medium as compressed. 4. A system as in claim 3, wherein the coolant is temporarily mixed with the gaseous medium to obtain evaporative cooling, the means for the third circulation including means for separating the gaseous medium from the coolant by condensing the latter. 5. A system as in claim 4, said thermocompressor including a diffusor with a porous wall for discharge of the coolant into flowing gaseous medium. 6. A system as in claim 4, said means for separating coolant including a layer of porous material. 7. A system as in claim 4 and including means for providing a forth circulation of a second coolant to obtain the condensation of the first coolant. 8. A system as in claim 7, wherein at least one of the coolant is a magneto fluid dynamic liquid being moved by means of an MHD pump. 9. A system as in claim 7, and including means to obtain air cooling of the second coolant. 10. A system as in claim 4, including means in the third circulation for capturing residue of the liquidous medium that was carried over by the gaseous means in spite of the separation. 11. A system as in claim 1, said means for accelerating including plural nozzles directing expanding gas flow and liquid droplets towards a common axis. 12. A system as in claim 11, including means for forming a liquidous film by capturing the accelerated droplets and means for guiding the film to converge to a compact jet. 13. A system as in claim 1, said thermocompressor including a diffusor; and baffle means for maximizing conversion of kinetic energy of the gaseous medium into pressure by the thermocompressor. 14. A system as in claim 1, said means for extracting being an MHD generator. 15. A system for converting thermal energy into different forms of energy including electrical energy, comprising: means for providing a heated magneto-fluid-dynamical liquid and mixing it with a different, presurized gas; a plurality of nozzles for expanding the mixed gas to obtain atomization acceleration of the resulting liquid droplets toward a common axis; an electric coil system, having interior space on said axis for being passed through by the accelerated liquid, whereby a magnetic field is set up by the coils to obtain an electric field in the liquid; means disposed for separating the gas from the liquid, and substantially already prior to passage of the liquid through the coil system; means for capturing the liquid; and means disposed for closing the circulation of the liquid and of the gas, including repressurization of the expanded gas prior to mixing with the heated liquid. 16. A system as in claim 15, wherein said coil system includes a plurality of annular coils arranged concentric to and along said axis. 17. A system as in claim 16, said coils being disposed in comb like cores arranged around said axis and having radially extending prongs separating the coils. 18. A system as in claim 16, the liquid flow being contained in a tube, the coils being disposed outside of the tube. 19. A system as in claim 18, wherein said tube has slightly tapered configuration in the direction of flow of the liquid. 20. A system as in claim 15, wherein said coil system is connected to capacitors constituting therewith an electrical, oscillating system. 21. A system as in claim 19, wherein coils located downstream are connected for 180° phase shift as compared with coils located more upstream. 22. A system as in claim 15, wherein a part of the pressurized gas is directed for cooling the coil system and for hydrodynamic stabilization of the jet. 23. A system as in claim 15 and including mechanical focussing means for obtaining a narrow liquid jet through said coils. 24. A system as in claim 5 and including electromagnetic means in front of the coil system for focussing the liquid to flow in a jet along said axis. 25. A system for converting thermal energy into different forms of energy including electrical energy comprising a plurality of tubes extending parallel to each other and arranged around a central axis and extending from a first end to a second end, parallel to the axis; partition plates connected to and traversed by said tubes to establish therewith an elongated frame; envelope means of elongated construction, mounted on said partitioning plates and around said tubes of the plurality; an MHD converter with accelerator nozzles, jet forming and guiding and jet capture means disposed in the radially central space along said axis and between said tubes, particular ones of said tubes provided to run pressurized gas to the nozzles along the MHD converter; a low temperature, isothermic compressor disposed in axial alignment with said space and coaxial with said central axis for receiving gas and having an exit chamber communicating with said particular tubes to feed repressurized gas thereto; and a heat exchanger and liquid reservoir positioned adjacent to said first end, feeding hot liquid to said converter for mixture with said pressurized gas, and receiving liquid through other ones of said tubes from a chamber between the entrance to the compressor and the jet capture means. 26. A system as in claim 25, wherein first sections of a central tubing are included for containing the MHD generator, another section of the central tubing serving as the reservoir for the liquid, a third section of the central tubing containing a heat exchanger in said exit chamber, the thermocompressor being coaxial with said central tubing, the central tubing being mounted in apertures of said partitioning sheets and in coaxial relation to each other. 27. A system as in claim 25, said envelope means including two skins separated from each other and containing vacuum adjacent said MHD converter, but circulating a heat exchange liquid adjacent said reservoir. 28. A system as in claim 27 and including corrugated sheething between said skins. 29. A system as in claim 27, one end of the envelope constructed for length compensation as to differences in thermal expansion of the skin. 30. A system as in claim 24, wherein partitions are used additionally to establish chambers for communicating with portions of the gap between said skins. 31. A system as in claim 25, said second ends constructed as heat exchanges with ambient air. 32. A system as in claim 25 and including a recuperative heat exchange chamber disposed between said MHD generator and said compressor, and in the central space and being constructed for diverting the pressurized gas from the said tubes into the central space and returning it to said tubes, while said gas as leaving the MHD generator flows through said space in opposite directions to the entrance of the thermocompressor. 33. A system as in claim 32, wherein sections others of said tubes in the heat exchange chambers are provided to obtain condensation of reaction products drawn from the MHD generator. 34. A system as in claim 32, wherein the space around the MHD generator as well as around the respective adjacent tubes is provided for running gas from the separator chamber towards the thermocompressor, the central space adjacent the jet capture and liquid return being constructed as diffusor to drive the gas through the said heat exchanger. 35. A system as in claim 25 and including plug elements in the tubes to obtain flow space for different portions of the tubes. 36. A system as in claim 25 and including radially positions fluid transfer means between central tubing and the tubes of the plurality. 37. A system as in claim 25, wherein said partitions are of hexagonal shape, the plurality being six. 38. A system as in claim 25 and including a mirror for focussing solar radiation onto the envelope adjacent said heat exchanger chamber. 39. A system as in claim 38, said mirror having a hollow interior, at least part thereof being filled with a light gas to obtain buoyancy in air.