초록 ▼

A process and apparatus for the chemical-mechanical treatment and purification of ground and surface waters and effluents of various types employs adding materials for coagulation, flocculation, precipitation, sedimentation and altering the pH value. The process comprises separate process stages car

A process and apparatus for the chemical-mechanical treatment and purification of ground and surface waters and effluents of various types employs adding materials for coagulation, flocculation, precipitation, sedimentation and altering the pH value. The process comprises separate process stages carried out successively as follows: (1) a first initial process stage wherein certain additives are admixed to the raw water by stirring; (2) a second initial process stage wherein contact sludge is admixed by stirring; (3) a third initial process stage wherein a flocculent aid and possibly also at least some of the other materials added in the first stage are admixed by stirring with high energy input; and alternatively (4) a fourth initial process stage for the formation of course flocs and completion of reaction of the previously added materials and formation of settleable particles and conglomerations of particles together with adsorbed and attached and occluded raw water components with moderate movement. After the initial process stages a further stage occurs wherein flocs and reaction products and raw water components are separated from the clarified water with separate removal of the separated solids and the clarified water. The separation of flocs and reaction products and raw water components from the clarified water in the further zone is accomplished by inclined sedimentation means and at least a part of the sludge is concentrated to a solids concentration of at least 1% weight/volume after drying with at least a part of the concentrated sludge being returned as contact sludge in the second initial process stage.

대표청구항 ▼

Process for the chemical-mechanical treatment and purification of ground water, surface waters and effluents, comprising the following steps: first passing the water being treated through a series of at least three initial process stages which are carried out in initial zones, including: (a) in a fi

Process for the chemical-mechanical treatment and purification of ground water, surface waters and effluents, comprising the following steps: first passing the water being treated through a series of at least three initial process stages which are carried out in initial zones, including: (a) in a first initial process stage, which is carried out in a first initial zone, admixing at least one of the following materials with the water by means of stirring: (1) flocculants (2) flocculation aids (3) precipitants (4) agents conducive to sedimentations (5) agents for altering the pH value of the raw water in an amount effective in flocculating impurities from the water and forming sedimentable flocs; (b) in a second initial process stage, which is carried out in a second initial zone, admixing contact sludge by means of stirring with the water; and (c) in a third initial process stage, which is carried out in a third initial zone, admixing at least flocculant aids, using stirring energy input of more than 20 Watts per cubic meter of the reaction volume available in the zone of this initial process stage with a water retention time of no more than about 5 minutes; then, after said initial process stages, a further process stage including flocculating said impurities and forming said sedimentable flocs, separating the flocs and reaction products and raw water components from the clarified water in a further zone separate from the said initial zones with separate removal of the separated solids, as sludge, and the clarified water from said further zone, with the separation of flocs and reaction products and raw water components from the clarified water in sedimentation equipment, and including concentrating at least a part of the sludge to a solids concentration of at least one percent weight volume and returning at least a part of the concentrated sludge as said contact sludge into said second initial process stage. A process according to any one of claims 1 or 5, in which at least the solid concentration of the returned contact sludge and the amount of solids present in the raw water and remaining in the clarified water is measured, and including altering the volume of the contact sludge returned per unit time depending on at least one of these measured results.