IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
US-0528105
(1983-08-31)
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우선권정보 |
GB-19830017933 (1983-07-01) |
발명자
/ 주소 |
- Brown, Leslie
- Braven, James
- Rhead, Michael M.
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출원인 / 주소 |
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대리인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
36 인용 특허 :
3 |
초록
▼
A method of tracing sewage effluent is described in which samples of fluid flows are subjected to high performance liquid chromatography with respective elution systems capable of eluting different selected compounds therefrom, and the concentration of each compound in the sample is determined spect
A method of tracing sewage effluent is described in which samples of fluid flows are subjected to high performance liquid chromatography with respective elution systems capable of eluting different selected compounds therefrom, and the concentration of each compound in the sample is determined spectroscopically. The method is used to determine sewage flow paths in natural water bodies, such as rivers, to check for contamination by sewage, to determine possible sewage sources, the detection of uric acid, for example, being indicative of a human source; and to monitor the effluent from sewage treatment plants. A monitoring system for sewage treatment works is also described in which bromophenol blue is added to the sewage influent to the biodegradation stage as a dilution indicator and the changes in the bromophenol blue concentration and in the concentration of a biodegradable sewage component, such as uric acid, are monitored throughout the stage to give an indication of the progress of the biodegradation reaction; this information is used in controlling the operation of the plant to maximize its efficiency.
대표청구항
▼
1. A method of monitoring operational efficiency of a sewage treatment plant having a biodegradation stage, including the steps of: sampling flow of sewage at least after outlet from said biodegradation stage; filtering each sample taken; selecting a single soluble biodegradable compound in the
1. A method of monitoring operational efficiency of a sewage treatment plant having a biodegradation stage, including the steps of: sampling flow of sewage at least after outlet from said biodegradation stage; filtering each sample taken; selecting a single soluble biodegradable compound in the sewage for analysis; analyzing respective filtered samples to obtain information relating to the concentration of said selected single biodegradable compound therein; and further determining the effectiveness of the biodegradation stage in reducing the concentration to a desired value of all biodegradable compounds in the sewage based upon the information relating to said selected single biodegradable compound. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a portion of each filtered sample is eluted by high performance liquid chromatography with an eluent system capable of eluting said selected single biodegradable compound therefrom, and the analysis is effected on the eluent containing said compound. 3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said selected single biodegradable compound is a constituent of the sewage treated in said plant. 4. A method as claimed in claim 3, wherein said single biodegradable compound is selected from uric acid, hippuric acid and creatinine. 5. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said flow is also sampled prior to its inlet to said biodegradation stage and at at least one point within said biodegradation stage. 6. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the sampling of said flow is carried out automatically at predetermined time intervals. 7. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the analysis is effected by a spectrophotometric method. 8. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein it further includes the steps of: adding a measured quantity of a tracer which is inert to the reaction conditions in the biodegradation stage and which is not adsorbed by solid matter in said stage to said flow prior to said inlet to said biodegradation stage; determining information relative to the concentration of said tracer in each said sample taken; and determining, from said information relative to the concentration of said tracer in each said sample together with information relative to the concentration of said selected single biodegradable compound in each said sample, information relating to the proportion of said selected single biodegradable compound in the flow at the inlet to the biodegradation stage which has been biodegraded at said at least one point within said biodegradation stage and at the outlet from said biodegradation stage. 9. A method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the information relative to the concentration of said tracer in each said sample taken is determined by eluting a portion of each said sample by high performance liquid chromatography with an elution system capable of separating said tracer therefrom and analysing the eluent from each sample portion containing said tracer. 10. A method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the analysis for said tracer is effected by a spectrophotometric method. 11. A method as claimed in claim 8, wherein said tracer is bromophenol blue. 12. A method of determining the animal source of sewage effluent in a water body, including the steps of: sampling said water body; filtering the sample taken; eluting respective portions of the filtered sample by high performance liquid chromatography, to separate from said respective portions sewage components of uric acid, hippuric acid and creatinine; testing each eluent after chromatography for the presence of a respective component and determining the concentration of said respective component in said sample portions; correlating the presence and concentration of said respective components of said sample portions to obtain a correlated value, and then comparing said correlated value to a standard value thereby to determine the animal source of said sewage effluent. 13. A method as in claim 12, wherein the determined concentration of said component in said sample is within a range of 1 to 10,000 μg per liter. 14. A method as in claim 12, wherein said high performance liquid chromatography is performed on an aliquot of from 10 to 1000 μl of said filtered sample. 15. A method as in claim 12, wherein said testing and determining step includes a spectrophotometric method. 16. In a sewage-treatment plant, a monitoring system for a biodegradation stage, said monitoring system comprising means for metering a tracer which is inert to reaction conditions in said biodegradation stage and which is not absorbed by solid matter in said stage into the sewage influent to the biodegradation stage; respective automatic sampling means for sampling the sewage flow at respective sampling points comprising at least the inlet to and the outlet from said biodegradation stage; and analyzer means for effecting plural determinations on each of the samples taken by said respective automatic sampling means, one of said plural determinations being related to the concentration of a single selected, soluble biodegradable sewage component in said sample, and another of said plural determinations being related to the concentration of said tracer in said sample, said analyzer means for generating first and second determination signals representative of said one and another determinations; and comparator means for receiving the processing said first and second determination signals to provide an indication of the operating efficiency of the biodegradation stage whereby the biodegradation stage is monitored. 17. In a sewage-treatment plant, a monitoring system as in claim 16, wherein each said analyzer means includes a high performance liquid chromatograph arranged to separate said selected single biodegradable sewage component and said tracer from said sample in respective elution systems. 18. In a sewage treatment plant, a monitoring system as in claim 17, wherein each said analyzer means further include a spectrophotometer arranged to analyzer said elution systems for the presence of said selected single biodegradable sewage component and said tracer respectively. 19. In a sewage treatment plant, a monitoring system as in claim 16, further including comparator means arranged to receive all said determinations effected by said analyzer means and to process them to provide an indication of the operating efficiency of the degradation stage. 20. A method of monitoring a reaction in a continuous flow system including the steps of: simultaneously sampling a fluid flow containing a reactant and a tracer inert to reaction conditions at an inlet to a reaction zone and at least one point selected from points within said reaction zone and a point at an outlet from said zone; subjecting two portions of each sample taken to high performance liquid chromatography, one of said two portions being eluted with an elution system capable of separating said reactant therefrom, and the other of said portions being eluted with an elution system capable of separating said tracer therefrom; analyzing said elution systems after said chromatography step to determine the concentration of said reactant and said tracer in each said sample; and determining from said information the proportion of said reactant entering said reaction zone which has reacted at said at least one point.
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