IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
US-0323038
(1981-11-19)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Newton, Steven A.
- Bowers, John E.
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출원인 / 주소 |
- Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University
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대리인 / 주소 |
Knobbe, Martens, Olson & Bear
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
27 인용 특허 :
13 |
초록
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A fiber optic tapped delay line is disclosed which has a number of taps simultaneously fabricated in a single length of optical fiber. The light output from each tap is detected by either an electronic photodetector or by an output segment of optical fiber having a lapped surface, the latter techniq
A fiber optic tapped delay line is disclosed which has a number of taps simultaneously fabricated in a single length of optical fiber. The light output from each tap is detected by either an electronic photodetector or by an output segment of optical fiber having a lapped surface, the latter technique also being utilizable in the mass production of optical couplers. The device may be used as a transversal filter by summing the outputs from the taps, and the frequency passband may be custom-tailored by selectively weighting the outputs from individual taps.
대표청구항
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1. A tapped optical fiber delay line for sampling a light signal supplied to said tapped delay line, comprising: a single mode optical fiber having an input end portion and an output end portion, said fiber providing a continuous optical path between the input and output portions so as to define
1. A tapped optical fiber delay line for sampling a light signal supplied to said tapped delay line, comprising: a single mode optical fiber having an input end portion and an output end portion, said fiber providing a continuous optical path between the input and output portions so as to define a delay line; a base forming a platform for holding multiple segments of said fiber, each of said fiber segments being mounted on said base; multiple taps in said multiple fiber segments, each of said taps comprising a portion of a fiber segment at which the cladding of said optical fiber has been removed to a predetermined distance above the core of said fiber, and each of said fiber segments forming a delay line segment between respective ones of said taps; and means for detecting light at said multiple taps in said delay line. 2. A tapped optical fiber delay line as defined in claim 1, wherein said base includes a surface with multiple recesses in said surface, said recesses mounting said multiple segments of optical fiber. 3. A tapped optical fiber delay line as defined in claim 2, wherein said recesses are parallel v-grooves of uniform width and depth. 4. A tapped optical fiber delay line as defined in claim 3, wherein said base is made of 100-oriented silicon, and said v-grooves conform to the crystalline planes within said silicon. 5. A tapped optical fiber delay line as defined in claim 4, wherein the surface of said base is in a curved configuration causing said v-grooves to be curved v-grooves. 6. A tapped optical fiber delay line as defined in claim 5, further comprising means for summing the light detected at the multiple taps to produce an output signal comprising the system-set fundamental and harmonic frequency content of the input signal. 7. A tapped optical fiber delay line as defined in claim 4, wherein said taps comprise portions of said fiber segments at which a curved notch portion of the cladding is removed. 8. A tapped optical fiber delay line as defined in claim 2, wherein said recesses are parallel v-grooves which are wider and deeper near the sides of said base than in the center of said base. 9. A tapped optical fiber delay line as defined in claim 8 wherein the base has an anisotropic structure which permits etchable formation of the V-grooves in the surface of the base. 10. A tapped optical fiber delay line as defined in claim 1, wherein said means for detecting light are photoelectric devices. 11. A tapped optical fiber delay line as defined in claim 10, wherein said photoelectric devices are mounted on a second silicon base. 12. A tapped optical fiber delay line as defined in claim 11, additionally comprising: alignment pins for placement between v-grooves in said base and v-grooves in said second silicon base, said alignment pins providing positive alignment of said base and said second base. 13. A tapped optical fiber delay line as defined in claim 1, wherein said means for detecting light detects a light signal supplied to said tapped delay line at each tap location. 14. A tapped optical fiber delay line as defined in claim 13, additionally comprising: means for summing the light detected at all tap locations to produce an output signal. 15. A tapped optical fiber delay line as defined in claim 1, wherein said means for detecting light comprises: multiple output lengths of optical fiber; a second base comprising a substrate having an anisotropic structure which permits etchable formation of v-grooves in the surface of said substrate, said v-grooves being oriented in a substantially common planar direction for receiving said multiple output lengths of fiber, said second base being identical to said base, wherein a portion of the cladding of said output fibers is removed. 16. A tapped optical fiber delay line as defined in claim 15, additionally comprising: alignment pins between v-grooves in said base and v-grooves in said second base, said alignment pins providing positive alignment of said base and said second base. 17. A tapped optical fiber delay line, as defined by claim 1, wherein said multiple fiber segments are mounted along arcuately curved paths on said base, said taps being formed by removing cladding exclusively from a portion of the segments of the single mode fiber intermediate the ends of the arcuately curved paths. 18. A tapped optical fiber delay line, as defined by claim 17, wherein said base is formed of an anisotropically etchable material. 19. A tapped optical fiber delay line, as defined by claim 1, wherein said means for detecting light comprises second multiple fiber segments having multiple taps in optical communication with the multiple taps of said multiple fiber segments. 20. A tapped optical fiber delay line, as defined by claim 19, wherein said second multiple fiber segments are monted on a second base disposed adjacent to said base. 21. A tapped optical fiber delay line as defined in claim 1, wherein said taps extract less than 3% of a light signal traveling in said fiber at the location of said taps. 22. A tapped optical fiber delay line as defined in claim 1, wherein additional bases are used to hold portions of said fiber between each of said successive multiple segments, each of said additional bases having additional taps in said fiber and additional means for detecting light from said additional taps. 23. A tapped optical fiber delay line as defined in claim 1, wherein the base comprises a substrate having an anisotropic structure which permits etchable formation of grooves in the surface thereof oriented in a common planar direction. 24. A tapped optical fiber delay line for sampling a light signal supplied to said tapped delay line, comprising: a base having a curved surface; a thin, flat substrate having a plurality of substantially parallel grooves formed in the surface of the substrate, wherein the substrate is mounted on a curved surface of the base so that the thin, flat substrate follows the contours of the curved surface and the grooves define curved paths which are substantially parallel to the adjacent curved surface of the base; and a single length of single mode optical fiber having a plurality of segments which are mounted in the plurality of grooves so as to form a delay line, wherein cladding is removed from a portion of the segments to produce optical taps in said segments. 25. A tapped optical fiber delay line as defined in claim 24 wherein at least the surface of the substrate has an anisotropic structure which permits etchable formation of V-grooves in the surface of said substrate. 26. A tapped optical fiber delay line as defined in claim 25 wherein the substrate comprises silicon having a 100 crystal lattice structure. 27. A tapped optical fiber delay line as defined in claim 24 wherein the substrate comprises a wafer of anisotropic material. 28. A tapped optical fiber delay line as defined in claim 24 wherein the base comprises quartz. 29. A tapped optical fiber delay line for sampling a light signal supplied to said tapped delay line, comprising: a length of single mode optical fiber; a base forming a platform for holding multiple segments of said fiber, each of said fiber segments being mounted at a predetermined height by said base; multiple taps in said multiple fiber segments, each of said taps comprising a portion of a fiber segment at which the height of said optical fiber has been reduced to a predetermined distance above said base, and wherein the length of said fiber between adjoining tap locations in said segments is equal; means for detecting a light signal supplied to said tapped delay line at each tap location; and means for summing the light detected at all tap locations to produce an output signal comprising the system-set fundamental and harmonic frequency content of the input signal, the system-set fundamental frequency being that frequency having a period equal to the time required for a signal to travel said equal length between adjoining tap locations. 30. A tapped optical fiber delay line as defined in claim 26, wherein said means for detecting light comprises plural detectors, each of which detects a light signal at an individual tap location, and may weight the light signal detected by a multiplied factor between zero and one. 31. A tapped optical fiber delay line as defined in claim 29, wherein the base comprises a substrate having an anisotropic structure which permits etchable formation of grooves in the surface thereof oriented in a common planar direction. 32. A method of manufacturing taps on an optical fiber comprising the steps of: providing a thin, substantially flat wafer, for forming a substrate upon which optical fibers may be supported; forming a plurality of grooves in the surface of the wafer, said grooves being substantially parallel; securing the thin wafer upon a curved surface of a base so that the wafer follows the curved contour of the curved surface and the grooves in the wafer define curved paths; mounting multiple segments of single mode optical fiber in the plurality of grooves; and simultaneously removing cladding from a portion of the single mode optical fiber segments to produce optical taps in said segments. 33. A method of manufacturing taps as defined in claim 32 wherein said wafer is formed of an anisotropic material, and wherein the step of forming a plurality of grooves comprises the step of etching the surface of the wafer to form V-grooves therein. 34. A method of manufacturing taps on an optical fiber as defined in claim 33, wherein the wafer comprises silicon having a 100 crystal lattice structure. 35. A method of manufacturing taps on an optical fiber as defined in claim 34 wherein the second material comprises quartz. 36. A method of manufacturing taps on an optical fiber as defined in claim 32 wherein the step of simultaneously removing cladding from a portion of the segments comprises the step of simultaneously lapping an upper surface of the segments of optical fiber so as to remove cladding from a portion of each segment. 37. A tapped optical fiber delay line for sampling a light signal, comprising: a single length of single mode optical fiber, with multiple segments of said length of optical fiber being maintained in a common planar and parallel position so as to define a delay line; multiple optical taps fabricated in said multiple segments, each of said taps removing a portion of light traveling in said fiber; means for detecting a light signal at said taps; and means for summing the light detected at said taps to produce an output signal. 38. A tapped optical fiber delay line as defined in claim 37, wherein the optical fiber is fixedly mounted at each of the taps on a substrate having an anisotropic structure which permits etchable formation of grooves in the surface of said substrate, said grooves being oriented in a common planar direction. 39. A method of manufacturing couplers, comprising: mounting multiple first segments of single mode optical fiber into multiple parallel arcuate recesses on a first base; gradually longitudinally removing cladding simultaneously from a portion of said first segments to simultaneously produce an optical tap in each of said first segments; mounting multiple second segments of single mode optical fiber into parallel arcuate recesses on a second base; gradually, longitudinally removing cladding simultaneously from a portion of said second segments to simultaneously produce an optical tap in each of said second segments; juxtaposing plural ones of the optical taps with plural others of the optical taps, thereby creating a multiplicity of optical couplers; and cutting said bases to separate a plurality of the optical taps. 40. A method of manufacturing a tapped delay line, comprising: providing an anisotropically etchable substrate; etching a surface of the substrate to form a plurality of substantially parallel grooves therein; mounting segments of a single length of single mode optical fiber in the grooves so as to define a delay line, said segments being mounted in a fixed position; removing a portion of cladding from the segments of the optical fiber to form optical taps in said segments, the size of said taps being determined by reference to said base; and positioning means for detecting light in optical communication with said optical taps, thereby providing for detection of light at said optical taps.
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