초록 ▼

Hot, coarse, particles removed from a retort, preferably coarse particles of oil shale removed from a retort operating at superatmospheric pressure, are crushed to a size suitable for fluidization and then fed to a fluidization zone maintained under non-oxidizing conditions at substantially the pres

Hot, coarse, particles removed from a retort, preferably coarse particles of oil shale removed from a retort operating at superatmospheric pressure, are crushed to a size suitable for fluidization and then fed to a fluidization zone maintained under non-oxidizing conditions at substantially the pressure of the retort to forestall escape of retort gases. Raw fines are introduced into the fluidization zone and retorted without agglomeration using heat transferred from the hot retorted particles. Also introduced into the fluidization zone is a heated fluidizing gas stream comprised of recycle retort gas, which is employed to educe hydrocarbonaceous vapors from the fines and, optionally transfer heat. Educed vapors from the fluidization zone are recycled to the retort to be partially condensed and recovered as liquid and gaseous product streams along with other vapors educed in the retort.

대표청구항 ▼

A process for retorting raw hydrocarbon-containing fines, which process comprises: (1) retorting hydrocarbon-containing particles of a size not readily fluidizable in a retorting zone by contacting said particles at an elevated temperature with a first recycled portion of an eduction gas comprising

A process for retorting raw hydrocarbon-containing fines, which process comprises: (1) retorting hydrocarbon-containing particles of a size not readily fluidizable in a retorting zone by contacting said particles at an elevated temperature with a first recycled portion of an eduction gas comprising (a) recycled hydrocarbon vapors educed from said particles in said retorting zone and (b) hydrocarbon vapors educed in step (4) and recovered in step (5) hereinafter; (2) crushing hot, uncombusted particles removed from said retorting zone in a crushing zone to a size more readily fluidizable; (3) maintaining hot, crushed, uncombusted particles removed from said crushing zone in a fluidization zone as a fluidized bed under substantially non-combustive conditions and fluidized with a gas comprising a second recycled portion of the eduction gas; (4) introducing raw hydrocarbon-containing fines into said fluidization zone so as to educe hydrocarbon vapors from said fines; (5) recovering the educed hydrocarbons vapors from said fluidization zone; and (6) recovering retorted particulates from said fluidization zone.