초록 ▼

A natural active stable catalyst for use in the hydrodemetallization (HDM) and the hydroconversion (HC) of heavy crudes and residues and, in particular, a method for the preparation of the catalyst from natural clay and a process for the treatment of heavy crudes and residues with the catalyst. The

A natural active stable catalyst for use in the hydrodemetallization (HDM) and the hydroconversion (HC) of heavy crudes and residues and, in particular, a method for the preparation of the catalyst from natural clay and a process for the treatment of heavy crudes and residues with the catalyst. The catalyst is free of hydrogenating metals of Groups VIB and VIII of the Periodic Table and comprises primarily iron, silica and alumina derived from the composition of the natural clay. The catalyst possesses a surface area of between 20 to 100 m2/g, a total pore volume of between 0.20 to 0.90 cc/g, where 50 to 100% of the total pore volume contains pores of diameter greater than 400 Å. The catalyst has a ratio I(Fe)/I(Si+Al) of between 0.2 to 0.9 as determined by XPS.

대표청구항 ▼

A method for producing a catalyst from natural clay for use in the hydrodemetallization and hydroconversion of heavy crudes wherein the iron surface composition of the catalyst as measured by XPS techniques is in a ratio of from about I(Fe)/I(Si+Al) of between 0.2 to 0.9 comprising the steps of: pro

A method for producing a catalyst from natural clay for use in the hydrodemetallization and hydroconversion of heavy crudes wherein the iron surface composition of the catalyst as measured by XPS techniques is in a ratio of from about I(Fe)/I(Si+Al) of between 0.2 to 0.9 comprising the steps of: providing a natural clay having the following composition based on total dry weight: Fe2O3 3.0 to 10.0 wt.%, SiO2 40 to 75 wt.%, Al2O3 10 to 25 wt.%, MgO 0.1 to 0.8 wt.%, K2O 0.3 to 2.6 wt.% and Na2O 0.1 to 1.5 wt.%; triturating and milling said natural clay to a particle size of between 20 and 400 mesh; treating said milled and sized clay in an acid bath at a temperature of between 70°to 140°C. for between 20 to 180 minutes so as to modify the chemical composition and texture properties of said clay; washing said treated clay with water; partially drying said washed clay so as to reduce the water content thereof to between 20 to 40 wt.% thereby obtaining the necessary plasticity for extrusion of the clay; mixing said partially hydrated clay with between 5 to 40 wt.% of a pore-forming substance; extruding said clay with the pore-forming substance so as to form an extrudate; and drying and calcining said extrudate at a temperature of between 300°to 800°C. for from 1 to 8 hours so as to produce a catalyst having a chemical composition comprising 2 to 10 wt.% Fe2O3, 40 to 80 wt.% SiO2 and 8 to 25 wt.% Al2O3 and an iron surface composition measured by XPS techniques is in a ratio of from about I(Fe)/I(Si+Al) of between 0.2 to 0.9.