초록 ▼

A process and apparatus for production of liquid and gaseous fuels from solid organic carbonaceous materials by reacting free falling solids in a countercurrent gas stream. The process is conducted with a lean solids phase which provides good process control and uniform flow of solids even in the pr

A process and apparatus for production of liquid and gaseous fuels from solid organic carbonaceous materials by reacting free falling solids in a countercurrent gas stream. The process is conducted with a lean solids phase which provides good process control and uniform flow of solids even in the presence of condensation and refluxing of liquids on the solid particles. Rapid heatup rates provide high carbon conversions. Oil shales of the eocene period are particularly well suited for the process of this invention. A reactor particularly suited for conducting reactions between free falling solids and countercurrent flowing gas streams is disclosed together with preferred methods for introduction of solid feeds to the top of the reactor.

대표청구항 ▼

In a process for production of liquid and gaseous fuels the steps comprising: introducing solid organic carbonaceous particles of sizes about -10 to about +400 U.S. Sieve into the upper portion of a vertical reactor vessel; introducing gas into the lower portion of said reactor vessel; passing said

In a process for production of liquid and gaseous fuels the steps comprising: introducing solid organic carbonaceous particles of sizes about -10 to about +400 U.S. Sieve into the upper portion of a vertical reactor vessel; introducing gas into the lower portion of said reactor vessel; passing said carbonaceous particles of sufficiently high density within said particle sizes to free fall in a lean solids stream in countercurrent flow relation to said gas from said upper portion to said lower portion and passing said gas from said lower portion to said upper portion, said carbonaceous particles passing sequentially and said gas passing in reverse sequence through a solids preheat zone, a reaction zone, a heat addition zone, and a gas preheat zone, introducing gas to said reaction zone in an amount of about 5 to about 35 Standard Cubic Feet gas per pound of said carbonaceous particles, said gas moving upwardly at a higher flow rate than said solid particles and about 0.3 to about 15 feet per second providing solids residence time in said reaction zone of about 2 to about 400 seconds at reaction tempertures of about 800°to about 2000°F. forming predominantly said liquid and gaseous fuel products, the amount of heat added in said heat addition zone being sufficient to maintain said reaction temperatures in said reaction zone; and removing said gas from the upper portion and spent carbonaceous particles from the lower portion of said reactor vessel.