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A thermally protective covering for a structure includes a thermally ablating layer comprising a nonporous ablative material comprising pyrolytic graphite or carbon composites bonded to a rigid, nonporous insulating layer comprising composites having high strength fibers in an insulating matrix. The

A thermally protective covering for a structure includes a thermally ablating layer comprising a nonporous ablative material comprising pyrolytic graphite or carbon composites bonded to a rigid, nonporous insulating layer comprising composites having high strength fibers in an insulating matrix. The insulating layer is bonded to the casing of the structural element to be protected. More preferably, the thermally ablating layer comprises pyrolytic graphite and the rigid, nonporous insulating member comprises silica phenolic. The ablating layer is bonded to the insulating layer with a high temperature graphite cement having adhesive properties to at least 3000°K. In a preferred embodiment, means are provided for venting pyrolysis gas produced during exposure of the ablating layer to a high energy laser.

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A thermal protective covering for a casing of a structural element, comprising: a thermally ablating layer; a rigid, nonporous thermally insulating layer comprising a high modulus fiber incorporated in a thermally insulating matrix bonded between the casing of the structural element and the thermall

A thermal protective covering for a casing of a structural element, comprising: a thermally ablating layer; a rigid, nonporous thermally insulating layer comprising a high modulus fiber incorporated in a thermally insulating matrix bonded between the casing of the structural element and the thermally ablating layer; means for venting pyrolysis gases comprising, a plurality of grooves disposed in a surface of a first one of said ablating layer and thermally insulating layer with said surface being bonded to the second one of said ablating layer and thermal insulating layer, said grooves terminating at edge portions of said first layer.