Present electrical expendable oceanographic instruments are vulnerable to insulation leaks and electromagnetic interference; they are also unable to measure pressure and the index of refraction. In response to these difficulties a unique combination of optical temperature, pressure, and index of ref
Present electrical expendable oceanographic instruments are vulnerable to insulation leaks and electromagnetic interference; they are also unable to measure pressure and the index of refraction. In response to these difficulties a unique combination of optical temperature, pressure, and index of refraction sensors have been developed. These sensors are coupled to an optical fiber transmission link which is contained initially within a probe vehicle and is designed to be unreeled. The remote sensing feature of this combination and technique makes the instrument also suitable for industrial and data - and tele-communications use. The principle of the three sensors is that of optical filters, whose band edges are functions of temperature, pressure, and the index of refraction; this wavelength modulation technique avoids drift and allows the signals from the sensors to be wavelength multiplexed in a single optical fiber, and to be read remotely by a single detector.
대표청구항▼
An expendable measurement probe characterized by a combination of optical fibers and a plurality of remote optical sensors producing optical signals and each sensor having a band edge which is a function of a parameter, such as temperature, pressure, or index of refraction of the environment externa
An expendable measurement probe characterized by a combination of optical fibers and a plurality of remote optical sensors producing optical signals and each sensor having a band edge which is a function of a parameter, such as temperature, pressure, or index of refraction of the environment external to the sensors, such combination comprising: a radiant energy path means comprising a first optical fiber waveguide means for each sensor, a second optical fiber waveguide means for each sensor, and a third optical fiber waveguide means being common to the signals from all sensors; sensing means comprising radiant energy filters each of whose band edges occurs at different wavelengths the band edge being the wavelength where an abrupt change in spectral intensity occurs, and each band edge being a function of a parameter, such as temperature, static pressure, time-varying pressure, or the index of refraction of the enviornment external to the corresponding sensor, and each of the filters providing a direct or reflective path from said first waveguide means, through said sensing means, to said second waveguide means; a multiplexer coupling all of said second waveguide measn to said third waveguide means whereby the signals are reduced from a plurality to one; a broad-band radiant energy source means optically coupled to each of said first optical fiber waveguide means; detecting means optically coupled to said third optical fiber waveguide means for detecting the spectral intensities of the wavelengths of the radiant energy transmitted through each said sensing filter, the detecting means then correlating the wavelengths of the various band edges from each sensing filter to the desired measurement parameter of that sensing filter; a probe vehicle of such a shape and weight so as to insure a predetermined and constant free-fall velocity and to avoid resonant instsabilities when deployed into said environment; wherein the third optical fiber waveguide means is long enough to permit remote sensing at distance corresponding to ocean depths of oceanographic interest, of the order of magnitude of kilometers, and; wherein the sensing means is contained within a weighted probe vehicle, a portion of the long third optical fiber waveguide means being also contained within said probe vehicle, and said portion of the third optical fiber waveguide means further capable of being unreeled during the deployment of said probe vehicle and severed upon completion of the depolyment; said radiant energy source means, first, second, and third optical fiber waveguide means, multiplexer, and sensing means being expendable, and wherein the radiant energy source means is a broad-band incoherent and incandescent white light or Light Emitting Diodes of bandwidth chosen so as to provide continuous spectral radiant energy in bands located in the visible to infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, the detecting means are composed of a dispersing prism or diffraction grating imaging the sensed signal onto a photo-detecting device, and the sensing means are three band edge filters that operate in different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, the sensors being, specifically, a static or time-varying pressure sensor making use of the change in birefiringence caused by pressure in photoelastic materials such as glass or quartz, a temperature sensor, and an index of refraction sensor making use of the change in the critical wavelength of reflection/refraction band edge with the external index of refraction in prismatic materials.
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