Compositions containing sulfuric acid and one or more of certain chalcogen-containing compounds in which the chalcogen compound/H2SO4 molar ratio is below 2 contain the mono-adduct of sulfuric acid which is catalytically active for promoting organic chemical reactions. Suitable chalcogen-containing
Compositions containing sulfuric acid and one or more of certain chalcogen-containing compounds in which the chalcogen compound/H2SO4 molar ratio is below 2 contain the mono-adduct of sulfuric acid which is catalytically active for promoting organic chemical reactions. Suitable chalcogen-containing compounds have the empirical formula [Figure] wherein X is a chalcogen, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from hydrogen, NR3R4, and NR5, at least one of R1 and R2 is other than hydrogen, each of R3 and R4 is hydrogen or a monovalent organic radical, and R5 is a divalent organic radical. Such compositions are useful for catalyzing organic reactions such as oxidation, oxidative addition, reduction, reductive addition, esterification, transesterification, hydrogenation, isomerication (including racemization of optical isomers), alkylation, polymerization, demetallization of organometallics, nitration, Friedel-Crafts reactions, and hydrolysis. Novel catalysts are disclosed which involve combinations of the chalcogen compound-sulfuric compositions with one or more transition metal halides and/or with one or more surfactants. The surfactant-containing compositions are particularly useful for the treatment of materials containing lipophilic substances. Novel compositions containing a chalcogen compound-sulfuric acid component and one or more organic reactants are also disclosed.
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The method for carrying out an acid-catalyzed reduction of an organic compound, which method comprises the step of conducting said reaction in the absence of oxidants and in the presence of a reducing agent and a catalytically active amount of a combination of sulfuric acid, and a chalcogen-containi
The method for carrying out an acid-catalyzed reduction of an organic compound, which method comprises the step of conducting said reaction in the absence of oxidants and in the presence of a reducing agent and a catalytically active amount of a combination of sulfuric acid, and a chalcogen-containing compound having the empirical formula [Figure] wherein X is a chalcogen, each of R1 and R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, NR3R4 and NR5, at least one of R1 and R2 is other than hydrogen, each of R3 and R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and monovalent organic radicals, and R5 is a divalent organic radical, which combination comprises a catalytically active amount of the mono-adduct of sulfuric acid and said chalcogen-containing compound. A method for conducting the acid catalyzed dimerization, oligomerization, and/or polymerization of olefinically unsaturated organic compounds in accordance with the expression [Figure] (2) [Figure] wherein R6-CH〓CH-R7 and R8-CH〓CH-R9 are independently selected from alkenes and alkenyl aromatic compounds, which comprises conducting said reaction in the presence of a catalytically active amount of a combination of sulfuric acid and a chalcogen-containing compound having the empirical formula [Figure] wherein X is a chalcogen, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from hydrogen, NR3R4, and NR5, at least one of R1 and R2 is other than hydrogen, each of R3 and R4 is independently selected from hydrogen and monovalent organic radicals, and R5 is a divalent organic radical, in which combination the molar ratio of said chalcogen-containing compound and said sulfuric acid is within the range of about ½to less than 2.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (21)
Young Donald C. (Fullerton CA), Acid catalysts and methods of use.
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