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A cyclotron includes a magnetic field generating assembly defined by a pair of main, superconducting coils mounted about the axis of the cyclotron on a former. The coils are surrounded by an ion shield positioned within a cryostat. Radially outwardly of the shield are positioned a pair of coils whic

A cyclotron includes a magnetic field generating assembly defined by a pair of main, superconducting coils mounted about the axis of the cyclotron on a former. The coils are surrounded by an ion shield positioned within a cryostat. Radially outwardly of the shield are positioned a pair of coils which guide most or all of the magnetic flux due to the coils leaking out of the shield back into the shield.

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A cyclotron comprising an evacuated chamber; radio frequency energy generation means for generating radio frequency energy in the evacuated chamber; and an assembly for generating a magnetic field within a volume, said assembly including a hollow substantially tubular ferro-magnetic shield with axia

A cyclotron comprising an evacuated chamber; radio frequency energy generation means for generating radio frequency energy in the evacuated chamber; and an assembly for generating a magnetic field within a volume, said assembly including a hollow substantially tubular ferro-magnetic shield with axial ends, a first magnetic field generating means, and second magnetic field generating means, said volume being defined by the ferro-magnetic material of the shield and the hollow space within the shield and including said evacuated chamber, said first magnetic field generating means positioned within said ferro-magnetic shield and positioned and adapted to generate substantially all of said magnetic field within said volume, said second magnetic field generating means comprising a first set of auxiliary coils mounted around and along said shield and connected in series with said first magnetic field generating means and a second set of auxiliary coils mounted at opposite axial ends of the shield, said second magnetic field generating means positioned substantially about and along said tubular shield and further positioned and adapted so as to guide magnetic flux of said magnetic field leaking from said volume back into said volume so as to optimize the quantity of flux from said first magnetic field generating means which is guided through said shield, said first magnetic field generating means being further positioned and adapted so as to generate a magnetic field which guides ions within said chamber, said radio frequency energy generation means generating radio frequency energy so as to accelerate said ions guided by said magnetic field generations assembly.