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An apparatus for removing oil, gas and by-products from pyrobituminous shale impregnated with hydrocarbons utilizes a vertically disposed reactor having a top portion, a middle portion and a bottom portion. As shale is introduced into the top portion of the reactor through a rotary seal mechanism, h

An apparatus for removing oil, gas and by-products from pyrobituminous shale impregnated with hydrocarbons utilizes a vertically disposed reactor having a top portion, a middle portion and a bottom portion. As shale is introduced into the top portion of the reactor through a rotary seal mechanism, hot gasses are introduced into the middle portion of the reactor through hollow, parallel tubes having a hexagonal configuration with gas introducing holes disposed in the side walls which are protected by overhanging portions of the top walls. Relatively cool gasses are introduced into the bottom portion of the reactor through horizontally disposed circumferentially spaced pipes having downwardly and outwardly chamfered inner ends to prevent clogging of the pipes. The hot effluent gasses from the top portion of the reactor are passed through the cyclone, a heat regenerator for reducing the temperature of the gaseous stream and an electrostatic precipitator prior to being compressed. The compressed gaseous stream is divided into three parts with a first portion passing through a heater prior to being injected into the middle portion of the reactor. A second portion is passed through a heat regenerator prior to being introduced into the bottom portion of the reactor and the third portion of the compressed gaseous stream is passed through a heat regenerator and a cooler to a spray scrubbing tower. The liquid discharged from the spray scrubbing tower passes through first and second decanters with the watery discharge of the first decanter being recycled to the spray scrubbing tower.

대표청구항 ▼

In an apparatus for obtaining oil, gas and other products from pyrobituminous shales and other matter impregnated with hydrocarbons, wherein the apparatus comprises: a retort having an upper portion, an intermediate portion and a bottom portion, hopper means for introducing crushed shale downwardly

In an apparatus for obtaining oil, gas and other products from pyrobituminous shales and other matter impregnated with hydrocarbons, wherein the apparatus comprises: a retort having an upper portion, an intermediate portion and a bottom portion, hopper means for introducing crushed shale downwardly into said upper portion of said retort through a rotating charging device having gas operated sealing means, first injection means for injecting hot gasses into said intermediate portion of said retort at a temperature of about 500°C. to about 600°C., second injection means for injecting cold gasses into said bottom portion of said report at a temperature ranging between 110°C. and 180°C., bottom discharge means having water sealing means for discharging crushed shale from said retort, cyclone means, duct means connecting said cyclone means to said upper portion of said retort for removing gaseous retorted matter to said cyclone means for separation of heavy liquid components from a gaseous stream containing very fine solids in a mist, precipitator means connected to said cyclone means for precipitating the very fine solids from said gaseous stream, compressor means connected to said precipitator means for compressing said gaseous stream, heater means connected between said compressor means and said first injection means for raising the temperature of a first portion of said gaseous stream to about 500°C.-600°C. for injection into said intermediate portion of said retort to start pyrolysis of the shale, heat regenerator means connected between said compressor means and said second injector means for reducing the temperature of a second portion of said gaseous stream to about 110°C.-130°C. prior to injection of the second portion of the gaseous stream into said bottom portion of said retort, spray scrubbing tower means connected to said compressor means for receiving a third portion of said compressed gaseous stream for separation of a gaseous component and a liquid component consisting primarily of water and heavy oil and decanting means connected to said spray scrubbing tower means for receiving said liquid component; the improvement comprising: said first injector means being comprised of a plurality of parallel elongated hollow prismatic elements each having a hexagonal cross-section and including two elongated top plates connected to each other at an angle to form an elongated top vertex, a pair of elongated parallel vertical side walls connected to lower edges of said two top plates respectively, with each side wall having a horizontal row of holes extending therethrough along the length of the side walls adjacent said top plates, said top plates extending downwardly and outwardly beyond said side walls to provide an overhang on each side to protect said holes from being directly struck by any descending solid particles, said holes having diameters related to each other such that upon passage of a gaseous stream under pressure through the prismatic elements the difference in discharge between a first and second of said holes is from 1% to 5% and lower walls connected to said side walls and connected to each other at an elongated bottom vertex; said second gas injection means being comprised of a plurality of horizontally disposed circumferentially spaced apart pipes extending through a side wall of said retort and having downwardly and outwardly chamfered inner ends to prevent blockage of said pipes; water cooled heat regenerator means connected between said cyclone means and said precipitator means for reducing the temperature of gasses issuing from said cyclone means by about 20°C. to 60°C. prior to entering said precipitator means; heat regenerator means and air-worked cooler means connected in series between said compressor means and said spray scrubbing tower means; and said decanting means being comprised of a first separating decanter having bottom liquid discharge means connected to pump means and conduit means for returning said liquid to said spray scrubbing tower means and upper discharge means connected to a second separating decanter to conduit means wherein said second separating decanter is provided with first outlet means connected to pump means for removing a watery portion and a second discharge means connected to a pump and conduit means for removing an oily portion.