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An ultrasonic rotary horn intended to be excited at a frequency of from about 18 to about 60 kHz, which horn is a shaped, solid metal object having a rotational axis and a radial surface terminated by a first end and a second end. The horn is radially symmetrical. The thickness of the horn at the ro

An ultrasonic rotary horn intended to be excited at a frequency of from about 18 to about 60 kHz, which horn is a shaped, solid metal object having a rotational axis and a radial surface terminated by a first end and a second end. The horn is radially symmetrical. The thickness of the horn at the rotational axis is greater than the width of the horn at the radial surface. The diameter, width, and thickness of the horn are selected for a desired frequency so that the horn, upon being excited by ultrasonic energy at such frequency which is input at the rotational axis at, and substantially perpendicular to, one or both ends, is adapted to resonate in a manner such that: (1) the excited end moves substantially in phase with the movement of the source of excitation; (2) the opposing end, whether or not it is actively excited, moves substantially out of phase with the movement of the excited end; (3) the radial work-contacting surface also moves substantially out of phase with the movement of the excited end; and (4) the horn exhibits a single nodal point at its geometric center; In addition, the first end and the second end have a substantially convex configuration which comprises a central, circular, flat portion which is concentric with the rotational axis and a generally concave portion from the flat portion to said radial surface.

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In an ultrasonic rotary horn intended to be excited at a frequency of from about 18 to about 60 kHz, which horn comprises a shaped, solid metal object having a radial surface terminated by a first end and a second end, and a rotational axis, in which each of said ends is defined by a surface and sai

In an ultrasonic rotary horn intended to be excited at a frequency of from about 18 to about 60 kHz, which horn comprises a shaped, solid metal object having a radial surface terminated by a first end and a second end, and a rotational axis, in which each of said ends is defined by a surface and said object is radially symmetrical, the improvement which comprises: (A) the diameter of said horn is in the range of from about 4 cm to about 19 cm; (B) the width of said horn at said radial surface is from about 0.6 cm to about 13 cm; (C) the thickness of said horn at the rotational axis thereof is from about 0.6 cm to about 15 cm and is independent of the width of said horn at said radial surface; (D) the thickness of said horn at the rotational axis is greater than the width of said horn at said radial surface; (E) said horn has a mass in the range of from about 0.06 kg to about 30 kg; (F) said diameter, width, and thickness are selected for a desired frequency so that said horn, upon being excited by ultrasonic energy at such frequency which is input at the rotational axis at, and substantially perpendicular to, one or both of said ends, is adapted to resonate in a manner such that: (1) the first end is excited and moves substantially in phase with the movement of the source of excitation; (2) the second end, whether or not it is actively excited, moves substantially out of phase with the movement of the excited first end; (3) said radial surface also moves substantially out of phase with the movement of the excited first end; and (4) said horn exhibits a single nodal point at its geometric center; (G) said horn operates at an efficiency of greater than 0.2 microns per watt; and (H) said first end and said second end have a substantially convex configuration which comprises a central, circular, flat portion which is concentric with said rotational axis and a generally concave portion from said flat portion to said radial surface, in which: (1) the diameter of said flat portion is at least about 20 percent of the diameter of the horn; (2) said generally concave portion is a curved surface having radial symmetry and a curvilinear profile in cross-section through said rotational axis which lies in the triangular area defined by (i) a straight line leading from the outer boundary of said flat portion to the edge of said radial surface; (ii) a straight line which is parallel with the rotational axis and which begins at the outer boundary of said flat portion and extends toward the interior of said horn; and (iii) a straight line which is perpendicular to the rotational axis and which extends from the edge of said radial surface to said straight line parallel with the rotational axis.