Generation of electricity with fuel cell using alcohol fuel
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
H01M-004/90
H01M-008/10
출원번호
US-0665789
(1991-03-07)
발명자
/ 주소
Reddy N. R. K. Vilambi (Andover MA) Taylor Earl J. (Chelmsford MA)
출원인 / 주소
Physical Sciences, Inc. (Andover MA 02)
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
65인용 특허 :
0
초록▼
In this method, a lower alcohol is oxidized directly (i.e. without reformation) to CO2+H2O at the anode of a fuel cell, and a reducible gas (e.g. air or O2) is reduced at the cathode. High, reasonably constant current densities at low over-voltages can be obtained. The electrolyte is preferably an a
In this method, a lower alcohol is oxidized directly (i.e. without reformation) to CO2+H2O at the anode of a fuel cell, and a reducible gas (e.g. air or O2) is reduced at the cathode. High, reasonably constant current densities at low over-voltages can be obtained. The electrolyte is preferably an acidic solid polymer electrolyte, and the anode comprises, as the electrocatalyst, a combination of a Group VIII noble metal with gold having significant Au (111) character. The (111) face of gold crystals (preferably crystals in the size range of about 4 to 15 nm) have been found to be specific for oxidation of intermediate alcohol oxidation products (CO, CHO, COH, HCHO, CH3CHO, etc.) to CO2 or CO2+H2O. Thus, the combination of a Group VIII metal such as Pt with Au (111) avoids “poisoning”of the Pt by these intermediate products. Some protection against such “poisoning”is also provided with Au (110), but Au (100) and polycrystalline gold are not considered useful in the electro-oxidation of lower alcohols (particularly methanol and ethanol). If the alcohol “fuel”is methanol, the combination of Group VIII noble metal and Au (111) should be microscopically homogeneous (e.g. Pt/Au cubo-octahedral crystals with a high level of (111) faceting), but if the “fuel”is ethanol, the Group VIII noble metal and the Au (111) can be combined in various ways, including macroscopic homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous blends.
대표청구항▼
A method for generating electricity in a fuel cell, said fuel cell comprising a cathode, an electrolyte, an anode comprising a first, fluid-permeable face and a second face in contact with the electrolyte, and an external circuit connecting said cathode and said anode, said method comprising: bringi
A method for generating electricity in a fuel cell, said fuel cell comprising a cathode, an electrolyte, an anode comprising a first, fluid-permeable face and a second face in contact with the electrolyte, and an external circuit connecting said cathode and said anode, said method comprising: bringing a lower primary alcohol into contact with said first fluid-permeable face of the anode, thereby permitting the lower primary alcohol to penetrate into the cross-section of the anode toward the second face, said second face including as an electrocatalyst a particulate alloy of essentially gold and a noble metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements, the particles of said particulate alloy having a crystalline character and having a major amount of exposed (111) crystalline faces or facets, oxidizing the lower primary alcohol essentially to carbon dioxide and water at said second face of the anode, reducing a reducible gas at the cathode, and obtaining electricity from said fuel cell.
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