$\require{mediawiki-texvc}$

연합인증

연합인증 가입 기관의 연구자들은 소속기관의 인증정보(ID와 암호)를 이용해 다른 대학, 연구기관, 서비스 공급자의 다양한 온라인 자원과 연구 데이터를 이용할 수 있습니다.

이는 여행자가 자국에서 발행 받은 여권으로 세계 각국을 자유롭게 여행할 수 있는 것과 같습니다.

연합인증으로 이용이 가능한 서비스는 NTIS, DataON, Edison, Kafe, Webinar 등이 있습니다.

한번의 인증절차만으로 연합인증 가입 서비스에 추가 로그인 없이 이용이 가능합니다.

다만, 연합인증을 위해서는 최초 1회만 인증 절차가 필요합니다. (회원이 아닐 경우 회원 가입이 필요합니다.)

연합인증 절차는 다음과 같습니다.

최초이용시에는
ScienceON에 로그인 → 연합인증 서비스 접속 → 로그인 (본인 확인 또는 회원가입) → 서비스 이용

그 이후에는
ScienceON 로그인 → 연합인증 서비스 접속 → 서비스 이용

연합인증을 활용하시면 KISTI가 제공하는 다양한 서비스를 편리하게 이용하실 수 있습니다.

Hand shake for implanted medical device telemetry 원문보기

IPC분류정보
국가/구분 United States(US) Patent 등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
  • A61N-001/00
출원번호 US-0896645 (1992-06-10)
발명자 / 주소
  • Blanchette Christine M. (Maple Grove MN) Busacker James W. (Buffalo MN) Dalluge David E. (Minneapolis MN) Grevious John J. (Minneapolis MN) Wyborny Paul B. (Coon Rapids MN) Roline Glenn M. (Anoka MN)
출원인 / 주소
  • Medtronic, Inc. (Minneapolis MN 02)
인용정보 피인용 횟수 : 160  인용 특허 : 0

초록

A method of and apparatus for telemetering both analog and digital data transcutaneously between an implantable medical device and an external receiver, such as between an external programmer and an implantable cardiac pacer. A damped carrier at 175 kilohertz is pulse position modulated by digital d

대표청구항

In a system employing an implantable medical device and an external device which communicates with said implantable medical device via means for transmission of a stream of data and means for receiving said stream of data, and further having means coupled to said transmission means for inserting a l

이 특허를 인용한 특허 (160)

  1. Mazar, Scott Thomas; Manicka, Yatheendhar D., Advanced patient management system including interrogator/transceiver unit.
  2. Mazar, Scott Thomas; Manicka, Yatheendhar D., Advanced patient management system including interrogator/transceiver unit.
  3. Hess, Michael F., Advanced thoracic fluid monitoring capability with impedance.
  4. Kraus, Michael; Lang, Martin; Lang, Berhard; Neudecker, Johannes; Beetz, Klemens; Nagelschmidt, Axel; Potschadtke, Jens, Apparatus for the transmission of data in particular from an electromedical implant.
  5. Fenner, Andreas A.; Thompson, David L., Apparatus for wafer-level burn-in and testing of integrated circuits.
  6. Bornhoft, Reid; Brockway, Brian P.; Kunz, Matt; Lichtscheidl, Gregg; Lindstedt, Brock; Mills, Perry A., Assessing noise on a communication channel.
  7. Quiles, Sylvia; Vanderlinde, Scott; Sridharan, Krishna, Automatic power control for a radio frequency transceiver of an implantable device.
  8. Quiles, Sylvia; Vanderlinde, Scott; Sridharan, Krishna, Automatic power control for a radio frequency transceiver of an implantable device.
  9. Hatlestad, John D.; Moon, Loell Boyce; Hartley, Jesse W.; Stahmann, Jeffrey E., Calibration of impedance monitoring of respiratory volumes using thoracic D.C. impedance.
  10. Zhu,Qingsheng; Spinelli,Julio C., Cardiac rhythm management system for edema.
  11. Zhu,Qingsheng; Spinelli,Julio C., Cardiac rhythm management system for edema.
  12. Scheiner, Avram; Daum, Douglas R., Cardiac rhythm management system for hypotension.
  13. Carpenter, Greg; Bánge, Joseph E.; Musto, Peter J.; Mass, William R.; Hedstrom, Jonathan, Configurable medical telemetry radio system.
  14. Zhu, Qingsheng; Spinelli, Julio C., Contractility modulation based on impedance signal.
  15. Healy, Scott J.; Quiles, Sylvia; Von Arx, Jeffrey A., Cryptographic authentication for telemetry with an implantable medical device.
  16. Houben, Richard P M; Kessels, Roger, Detecting worsening heart failure.
  17. Sowelam, Sameh, Detecting worsening heart failure based on fluid accumulation with respiratory confirmation.
  18. Sowelam, Sameh, Detecting worsening heart failure based on fluid accumulation with respiratory confirmatoin.
  19. Sarkar, Shantanu; Hettrick, Douglas A.; Stadler, Robert W., Detecting worsening heart failure based on impedance measurements.
  20. Hatlestsad,John; Zhu,Qingsheng; Stahmann,Jeffrey E, Detection of congestion from monitoring patient response to a recumbent position.
  21. Hatlestsad,John; Zhu,Qingsheng; Stahmann,Jeffrey E, Detection of congestion from monitoring patient response to a recumbent position.
  22. Hatlestsad,John; Zhu,Qingsheng; Stahmann,Jeffrey E, Detection of congestion from monitoring patient response to a recumbent position.
  23. Stahmann, Jeffrey E.; Hatlestad, John; Hartley, Jesse W.; Fogoros, Richard, Detection of pleural effusion using transthoracic impedance.
  24. Stahmann,Jeffrey E.; Hatlestad,John; Hartley,Jesse W.; Fogoros,Richard, Detection of pleural effusion using transthoracic impedance.
  25. Kelly, Kevin J.; Torgerson, Nathan A., Device and method for determining and communicating the remaining life of a battery in an implantable neurological tissue stimulating device.
  26. Mazar,Scott T., Device communications of an implantable medical device and an external system.
  27. Rosar George, Digital delay line receiver for use with an implantable medical device.
  28. Grevious John J., Downlink telemetry system and method for implantable medical device.
  29. Seeberger,Michael; Li,Hui; Quiles,Sylvia; Kinnamon,Raymond P., Dynamic telemetry link selection for an implantable device.
  30. Gunderson, Bruce D., Electrode lead integrity reports.
  31. Patel, Amisha S.; Cao, Jian; Kleckner, Karen J., Electrogram classification algorithm.
  32. Ousdigian, Kevin T.; Condie, Catherine R.; Kleckner, Karen J.; Gunderson, Bruce D., Electrogram storage for suspected non-physiological episodes.
  33. Gunderson, Bruce D.; Kleckner, Karen J.; Ousdigian, Kevin T.; Patel, Amisha S.; Sanchez, Julian, Electrogram summary.
  34. Gunderson, Bruce D.; Kleckner, Karen J.; Ousdigian, Kevin T.; Patel, Amisha S.; Sanchez, Julian, Electrogram summary.
  35. Kraus, Michael; Lang, Martin; Lang, Berhard; Neudecker, Johannes; Beetz, Klemens; Nagelschmidt, Axel; Potschadtke, Jens, Electromedical implant.
  36. Mazar, Scott T.; Manicka, Yatheendhar D., Enabling data communication between an implantable medical device and a patient management system.
  37. Mazar, Scott T.; Yatheendhar, Manicka D., Enabling data communication between an implantable medical device and a patient management system.
  38. Stahmann, Jeffrey E.; Hatlestad, John D.; Hartley, Jesse W., Enhancements to the detection of pulmonary edema when using transthoracic impedance.
  39. Patel, Amisha S.; Gunderson, Bruce D.; Brown, Mark L., Episode classifier algorithm.
  40. Patel, Amisha S.; Gunderson, Bruce D.; Brown, Mark L., Episode classifier algorithm.
  41. Bornhoft, Reid; Brockway, Brian P.; Kunz, Matt; Lichtscheidl, Gregg; Lindstedt, Brock; Mills, Perry A., Frame length modulation and pulse position modulation for telemetry of analog and digital data.
  42. Bornhoft,Reid; Brockway,Brian P.; Kunz,Matt; Lichtscheidl,Gregg; Lindstedt,Brock; Mills,Perry A., Frame length modulation and pulse position modulation system.
  43. Goodnow, Timothy T.; He, Lei, Glucose measurement device and methods using RFID.
  44. Gunderson, Bruce D.; Ruzin, Donald James, Identification and remediation of oversensed cardiac events using far-field electrograms.
  45. Gunderson, Bruce D.; Ruzin, Donald James, Identification and remediation of oversensed cardiac events using far-field electrograms.
  46. Gunderson,Bruce D.; Jeffrey,Gillberg M.; Wilcox,Jay M., Identification of oversensing using sinus R-wave template.
  47. Riff Kenneth M., Impedance monitor for discerning edema through evaluation of respiratory rate.
  48. Stadler, Robert W.; Gunderson, Bruce D.; Patel, Amisha S., Impedance variability analysis to identify lead-related conditions.
  49. Renken Gerald W., Implant device telemetry antenna.
  50. Michael Kraus DE; Martin Lang DE; Berhard Lang DE; Johannes Neudecker DE; Klemens Beetz DE; Axel Nagelschmidt DE; Jens Potschadtke DE, Implant with close and long-range telemetry.
  51. Combs, William J.; Condie, Catherine R.; Martin, Roy; Warkentin, Dwight H.; Wahlstrand, John D.; Thompson, David L.; Wang, Li, Implantable medical device for measuring time varying physiologic conditions especially edema and for responding thereto.
  52. Mazar, Scott T.; Manicka, Yatheendhar D., Implantable medical device having long-term wireless capabilities.
  53. Mazar,Scott T.; Manicka,Yatheendhar D., Implantable medical device having long-term wireless capabilities.
  54. Sun Weimin ; Haubrich Gregory J. ; Dublin Garry L., Implantable medical device microstrip telemetry antenna.
  55. Almendinger, Allen Dale; Bakx, Martinus A G M, Implantable medical device telemetry processor.
  56. Von Arx, Jeffrey A.; Johnson, Keith; Mazar, Scott T.; Linder, William J., Implantable medical device with two or more telemetry systems.
  57. Von Arx, Jeffrey A.; Johnson, Keith; Mazar, Scott T.; Linder, William J., Implantable medical device with two or more telemetry systems.
  58. Von Arx, Jeffrey A.; Johnson, Keith; Mazar, Scott T.; Linder, William J., Implantable medical device with two or more telemetry systems.
  59. North,Richard B.; Sieracki,Jeffrey M.; Brigham,David D., Implantable neurostimulator programming with battery longevity indication.
  60. Rogers,Charles R., Implantable therapeutic substance infusion device with active longevity projection.
  61. Kracker, Stefan G., Lead integrity testing during suspected tachyarrhythmias.
  62. Gunderson, Bruce D.; Havel, William J., Lead integrity testing triggered by sensed asystole.
  63. Gunderson, Bruce D., Lead integrity testing triggered by sensed signal saturation.
  64. Kruse John M. ; Jurek David R., Medical device telemetry receiver having improved noise discrimination.
  65. Havel,William J., Method and apparatus for actively determining a coupling interval corresponding to a cardiac vulnerable zone.
  66. Vallapureddy, Vineel; Roberts, Earle; Bange, Joseph E.; Von Arx, Jeffrey A.; Rawat, Prashant, Method and apparatus for antenna selection in a diversity antenna system for communicating with implantable medical device.
  67. Lee,David Warren, Method and apparatus for connecting various implantable medical treatment system component devices.
  68. Kraus, Michael; Lang, Martin; Lang, Berhard; Neudecker, Johannes; Beetz, Klemens; Nagelschmidt, Axel; Potschadtke, Jens, Method and apparatus for data transmission between an electromedical implant and an external apparatus.
  69. Stadler, Robert W.; Wang, Li, Method and apparatus for detecting change in intrathoracic electrical impedance.
  70. Stadler, Robert W.; Wang, Li, Method and apparatus for detecting change in intrathoracic electrical impedance.
  71. Stadler, Robert W.; Wang, Li, Method and apparatus for detecting change in intrathoracic electrical impedance.
  72. Stadler, Robert W.; Wang, Li, Method and apparatus for detecting change in intrathoracic electrical impedance.
  73. Gunderson,Bruce D., Method and apparatus for determining oversensing in a medical device.
  74. Gunderson,Bruce D.; Cao,Jian; Jackson,Troy E., Method and apparatus for determining oversensing in a medical device.
  75. DeGroot Paul J., Method and apparatus for diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias.
  76. DeGroot Paul J., Method and apparatus for diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias.
  77. Mazar, Scott T.; Manicka, Yatheendhar D., Method and apparatus for enabling data communication between an implantable medical device and a patient management system.
  78. Mazar,Scott T.; Manicka,Yatheendhar D., Method and apparatus for enabling data communication between an implantable medical device and a patient management system.
  79. Gunderson, Bruce D., Method and apparatus for identifying lead-related conditions using prediction and detection criteria.
  80. Gunderson,Bruce D., Method and apparatus for identifying lead-related conditions using prediction and detection criteria.
  81. Padmanabhan, Vasant; Olson, Walter H., Method and apparatus for monitoring heart rate.
  82. Padmanabhan, Vasant; Stone, Karen A.; Olson, Walter H.; Ousdigian, Kevin T., Method and apparatus for monitoring heart rate.
  83. Warman Eduardo N., Method and apparatus for monitoring heart rate.
  84. Jensen, Donald N.; Ruetz, Linda L.; Condie, Catherine R.; Cho, Yong Kyun; Strobel, Ulla; Davie, Scott, Method and apparatus for monitoring heart rate and abnormal respiration.
  85. Kevin T. Ousdigian ; Karen A. Stone ; Vasant Padmanabhan, Method and apparatus for monitoring physiologic parameters conjunction with a treatment.
  86. Propato, Claudio, Method and apparatus for preventing excessive power drain from an implantable device.
  87. Propato, Claudio, Method and apparatus for preventing excessive power drain from an implantable device.
  88. Gunderson, Bruce D., Method and apparatus for reducing inappropriate detection of lead-related noise.
  89. Stadler, Robert W.; Houben, Richard P. M.; Jongen, Tim Dirk Jan, Method and apparatus for reducing noise in a medical device.
  90. Bakken,Earl E.; Bergman,Rebecca M.; Combs,William J.; Markowitz,H. Toby, Method and apparatus for temporarily varying a parameter in an implantable medical device.
  91. Fenner, Andreas A.; Thompson, David L., Method and apparatus for wafer-level burn-in and testing of integrated circuits.
  92. Fenner, Andreas A.; Thompson, David L., Method and apparatus for wafer-level burn-in and testing of integrated circuits.
  93. Spinelli, Julio C.; Zhu, Qingsheng, Method and system for treatment of neurocardiogenic syncope.
  94. Michael Kraus DE; Martin Lang DE; Berhard Lang DE; Johannes Neudecker DE; Klemens Beetz DE; Axel Nagelschmidt DE; Jens Potschadtke DE, Method of data transmission in implant monitoring.
  95. Almendinger,Allen Dale; Bakx,Martinus A G M, Method of operating an implantable medical device telemetry processor.
  96. Almendinger, Allen Dale; Bakx, Martinus A G M, Method of processing telemetry signals in an implantable medical device including a telemetry processor.
  97. Von Arx, Jeffrey A.; Yonce, David J.; Mazar, Scott T.; Kramer, Karen M.; Harris, Thomas J., Methods and apparatuses for implantable medical device telemetry power management.
  98. Von Arx, Jeffrey A.; Yonce, David J.; Mazar, Scott T.; Kramer, Karen M.; Harris, Thomas J., Methods and apparatuses for implantable medical device telemetry power management.
  99. Von Arx, Jeffrey A.; Yonce, David J.; Mazar, Scott T.; Lent, Karen M.; Harris, Thomas J., Methods and apparatuses for implantable medical device telemetry power management.
  100. Sweeney, Robert J., Optimization of timing for data collection and analysis in advanced patient management system.
  101. Sweeney, Robert J., Optimization of timing for data collection and analysis in advanced patient management system.
  102. Sweeney, Robert J., Optimization of timing for data collection and analysis in advanced patient management system.
  103. Sweeney, Robert J., Optimization of timing for data collection and analysis in advanced patient management system.
  104. Walsh Kevin K. ; Thompson David L., Peripheral memory patch and access method for use with an implantable medical device.
  105. Gorman Peter Gregory, Personal monitor and method using identification to minimize interference.
  106. Hatlestad, John D.; Libbus, Imad; Lewicke, Aaron, Physiological response to posture change.
  107. Thompson David L., Power consumption reduction in medical devices by employing pipeline architecture.
  108. Thompson David L., Power consumption reduction in medical devices employing just-in-time clock.
  109. Thompson David L., Power consumption reduction in medical devices employing just-in-time voltage control.
  110. Sweeney Robert J. ; Brandell Brian ; KenKnight Bruce H., Preserving patient specific data in implantable pulse generator systems.
  111. Ng,Richard; Lopez,Salvador; Khair,Mohammad; Ghaem,Sanjar; Olson,William L., Programmable wireless electrode system for medical monitoring.
  112. Ng,Richard; Lopez,Salvador; Khair,Mohammad; Ghaem,Sanjar; Olson,William L., Programmable wireless electrode system for medical monitoring.
  113. Roberts, Earle T.; Villalta, Donald L.; Slack, David S; Ali, Irfan Z.; Raghavendran, Sudheendhar; Torgerson, Nathan A.; Sipple, Garrett R., Proximity based selection of an implantable medical device for far field communication.
  114. Goodnow, Timothy T.; He, Lei (Lawrence), RF tag on test strips, test strip vials and boxes.
  115. Goodnow, Timothy T.; He, Lei (Lawrence), RF tag on test strips, test strip vials and boxes.
  116. Goodnow, Timothy T.; He, Lei (Lawrence), RF tag on test strips, test strip vials and boxes.
  117. Goodnow, Timothy T.; He, Lei (Lawrence), RF tag on test strips, test strip vials and boxes.
  118. Rosar George, Receiver employing digital filtering for use with an implantable medical device.
  119. Mazar,Scott T.; Manicka,Yatheendbar D., Repeater device for communications with an implantable medical device.
  120. Mazar,Scott T.; Manicka,Yatheendhar D., Repeater device for communications with an implantable medical device.
  121. Mazar, Scott T.; Manicka, Yatheendhar D., Repeater providing data exchange with a medical device for remote patient care and method thereof.
  122. Mazar, Scott T.; Manicka, Yatheendhar D., Repeater providing data exchange with a medical device for remote patient care and method thereof.
  123. Mazar, Scott T.; Manicka, Yatheendhar D., Repeater providing data exchange with a medical device for remote patient care and method thereof.
  124. Mayotte, Mark J., Sensing integrity determination based on cardiovascular pressure.
  125. Stahmann, Jeffrey E.; Hatlestad, John; Hartley, Jesse W., Sensitivity and specificity of pulmonary edema detection when using transthoracic impedance.
  126. Werner, Robert; Krichen, Jack P.; Sackrison, Deborah, Single complex electrogram display having a sensing threshold for an implantable medical device.
  127. Musial, John G.; Nagpal, Abhinay R.; Patil, Sandeep R.; Shah, Dhaval K., Smarter health conscious electroshock device with medical implant detection.
  128. Hoeppner, Sara M.; Gunderson, Bruce D.; Patel, Amisha S.; Jancevski, Goran, Storage of data for evaluation of lead integrity.
  129. Bange, Joseph E.; Koshiol, Allan T.; Kramer, Karen M.; Holmquist, Paul; Harris, Thomas J., System and method for RF wake-up of implantable medical device.
  130. Bange, Joseph E.; Koshiol, Allan T.; Kramer, Karen M.; Holmquist, Paul; Harris, Thomas J., System and method for RF wake-up of implantable medical device.
  131. Bange, Joseph E.; Koshiol, Allan T.; Lent, Karen M.; Holmquist, Paul; Harris, Thomas J., System and method for RF wake-up of implantable medical device.
  132. Roberts, Earle, System and method for enabling communications with implantable medical devices.
  133. Rondoni, John C.; Jain, Mukul, System and method for monitoring a power source of an implantable medical device.
  134. Rogers, Charles R.; Merritt, Donald R.; Schmidt, Craig L.; Jain, Mukul, System and method for monitoring power source longevity of an implantable medical device.
  135. Rogers, Charles R.; Merritt, Donald R.; Schmidt, Craig L.; Jain, Mukul, System and method for monitoring power source longevity of an implantable medical device.
  136. Rogers, Charles R.; Merritt, Donald R.; Schmidt, Craig L.; Jain, Mukul, System and method for monitoring power source longevity of an implantable medical device.
  137. Rogers, Charles R.; Merritt, Donald R.; Schmidt, Craig L.; Jain, Mukul, System and method for monitoring power source longevity of an implantable medical device.
  138. Mazar, Scott T.; Manicka, Yatheendhar D., System and method providing data exchange with a medical device for remote patient care.
  139. Palmer, Logan P., Systems and methods for detecting an error associated with an implantable device.
  140. Kadhiresan, Veerichetty; Brockway, Marina V.; Carlson, Gerrard M., Systems and methods for drug therapy enhancement using expected pharmacodynamic models.
  141. Pless, Benjamin D.; Fischell, David R.; Gibb, Barbara; Guzzo, Lisa; Upton, Adrian R. M., Systems and methods for interacting with an implantable medical device.
  142. Pless, Benjamin D; Fischell, David R.; Gibb, Barbara; Guzzo, Lisa; Upton, Adrian R. M., Systems and methods for interacting with an implantable medical device.
  143. Patel, Amisha S., T-wave oversensing.
  144. Behm, Michael D., Tactile feedback for indicating validity of communication link with an implantable medical device.
  145. Behm, Michael D., Tactile feedback for indicating validity of communication link with an implantable medical device.
  146. Behm, Michael D., Tactile feedback for indicating validity of communication link with an implantable medical device.
  147. Von Arx, Jeffrey A.; Balczewski, Ron; Mazar, Scott T.; Linder, William J.; Mass, William R., Telemetry duty cycle management system for an implantable medical device.
  148. Quiles, Sylvia; Vanderlinde, Scott; Cowan, Ken; Katoozi, Mehdi; Sridharan, Krishna; Koshiol, Allan T.; Harris, Thomas J., Telemetry switchover state machine with firmware priority control.
  149. Stahmann, Jeffrey E.; Hatlestad, John D.; Moon, Boyce, Thoracic impedance detection with blood resistivity compensation.
  150. Stahmann, Jeffrey E.; Hatlestad, John D.; Moon, Boyce, Thoracic impedance detection with blood resistivity compensation.
  151. Stahmann,Jeffrey E.; Hatlestad,John; Moon,Boyce, Thoracic impedance detection with blood resistivity compensation.
  152. Michael Kraus DE; Martin Lang DE; Berhard Lang DE; Johannes Neudecker DE; Klemens Beetz DE; Axel Nagelschmidt DE; Jens Potschadtke DE, Transmitter of the telemetry device of an implant.
  153. Sarkar, Shantanu; Hettrick, Douglas A.; Stadler, Robert W., Using multiple diagnostic parameters for predicting heart failure events.
  154. Sarkar, Shantanu; Hettrick, Douglas A; Stadler, Robert W, Using multiple diagnostic parameters for predicting heart failure events.
  155. Istvan, Rud; Gregory, Bill; Solovay, Kenneth; Chastain, David Paul; Gundlach, John David; Hopman, Nicholas C.; Williams, Daniel L.; Lodato, Franco; Salem, Michael, Wireless ECG system.
  156. Istvan,Rud; Gregory,Bill; Solovay,Kenneth; Chastain,David Paul; Gundlach,John David; Hopman,Nicholas C.; Williams,Daniel L.; Lodato,Franco; Salem,Michael, Wireless ECG system.
  157. Hopman,Nicholas C.; Williams,Daniel L.; Lodato,Franco, Wireless electrocardiograph system and method.
  158. Besson, Marcus; von Czettriz, Gotthart; Bax, Ralph, Wireless medical diagnosis and monitoring equipment.
  159. Besson,Marcus; von Czettriz,Gotthart; Bax,Ralph, Wireless medical diagnosis and monitoring equipment.
  160. Khair, Mohammad; Lopez, Salvador; Ng, Richard; Ghaem, Sanjar; Olson, William L., Wireless system protocol for telemetry monitoring.
섹션별 컨텐츠 바로가기

AI-Helper ※ AI-Helper는 오픈소스 모델을 사용합니다.

AI-Helper 아이콘
AI-Helper
안녕하세요, AI-Helper입니다. 좌측 "선택된 텍스트"에서 텍스트를 선택하여 요약, 번역, 용어설명을 실행하세요.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.

선택된 텍스트

맨위로