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In a fluidized bed reactor particles are internally circulated, moving down the walls forming the reactor chamber. A particle chamber having a particle gathering top wall with a horizontal projection area A is disposed in the downward flow of particles. Openings (e.g. holes or slots) with a controll

In a fluidized bed reactor particles are internally circulated, moving down the walls forming the reactor chamber. A particle chamber having a particle gathering top wall with a horizontal projection area A is disposed in the downward flow of particles. Openings (e.g. holes or slots) with a controlling dimension of about 30 mm or less are provided in the top wall, the openings having total open area B less than half the area A. Heat transfer surfaces may be disposed in the particle chamber.

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In a method for circulating solid material in a fluidized bed reactor, including a rector chamber, having side walls defining the interior of the reactor chamber and a grid at the bottom of the reactor chamber, a gas discharge opening adjacent the upper end of the reactor chamber, the fluidized bed

In a method for circulating solid material in a fluidized bed reactor, including a rector chamber, having side walls defining the interior of the reactor chamber and a grid at the bottom of the reactor chamber, a gas discharge opening adjacent the upper end of the reactor chamber, the fluidized bed having an internal circulation of solid particles; said improvement comprising the steps of: (a) gathering solid particles from the internal circulation of solid particles into a particle chamber, the particle chamber having an upper end wall with inlet openings allowing particles to flow into the particle chamber; (b) causing particles having a horizontal cross sectional area A to flow in the internal circulation of solid particles toward the upper end wall; (c) causing particles from the flow of particles to flow into the particle chamber through the inlet openings in the upper end wall, the inlet openings having a total open area B, significantly smaller than the cross sectional area A; and (d) recirculating at least a portion of the particles thus introduced into the particle chamber into the reactor chamber.