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System for indicating the position of a surgical probe within a head on an image of the head 원문보기

IPC분류정보
국가/구분 United States(US) Patent 등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
  • A61B-005/103
출원번호 US-0909097 (1992-07-02)
발명자 / 주소
  • Bucholz Richard D. (St. Louis MO)
출원인 / 주소
  • St. Louis University (St. Louis MO 02)
인용정보 피인용 횟수 : 540  인용 특허 : 0

초록

A system for indicating a position of a tip of a probe which is positioned within an object on cross-sectional, scanned images of the object. The object includes reference points and the images of the object include reference images corresponding to the reference points. An array for receiving radia

대표청구항

A system for indicating a location within a body of a patient, said system comprising: reference points means having a position in fixed relation to the body for providing reference points; means for generating images of the body, said images including reference images corresponding to the reference

이 특허를 인용한 특허 (540)

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  198. Guttman, Michael; Jenkins, Kimble L.; Piferi, Peter; Vij, Kamal, MRI-guided interventional systems that can track and generate dynamic visualizations of flexible intrabody devices in near real time.
  199. Jenkins, Kimble L.; Piferi, Peter; Guttman, Michael, MRI-guided surgical systems with proximity alerts.
  200. Zur, Oded, Magnetic interference detection system and method.
  201. Sherman, Jason T.; DiSilvestro, Mark R.; Popovic, Radivoje S., Magnetic sensor array.
  202. Sherman, Jason T.; DiSilvestro, Mark R.; Popovic, Radivoje S., Magnetic sensor array.
  203. Stuart, J. Michael, Manipulator.
  204. Stuart, J. Michael, Manipulator.
  205. Bova Frank J. ; Friedman William A., Marker system and related stereotactic procedure.
  206. Hendrix Bill, Measuring device primarily for use with vehicles.
  207. Razzaque, Sharif; Kohli, Luv; State, Andrei, Medical device approaches.
  208. Ross, Rod; Hughes, Greggory, Medical device for cutting a cornea that has a vacuum ring with a slitted vacuum opening.
  209. Skakoon, James G.; Miller, Thomas I.; Solar, Matthew S.; Mills, Gerald W.; Truwit, Charles L., Medical device introducer.
  210. Akaki, Kazuya, Medical imaging apparatus which displays predetermined information in differentiable manner from others.
  211. John B. Clayton ; Mark W. Hunter ; David Lightman ; Thomas J. Mickel, Medical instrument and method for use with computer-assisted image guided surgery.
  212. Charles, Steve T.; Stuart, J. Michael, Medical manipulator for use with an imaging device.
  213. Bladen,John Stuart; Anderson,Alan Patrick, Medical navigation apparatus.
  214. Jonkman Kenneth R., Medical positioning system.
  215. David E. Acker ; Yaniv Bejerano IL, Medical probes with field transducers.
  216. Acker David E. ; Govari Assaf,ILX ; Fenster Maier,ILX ; Shapiro Avishai, Medical procedures and apparatus using intrabody probes.
  217. Pelzer, Martin; Neubrandt, Walter; Luber, Joachim; Mackevics, Arvids, Medical therapeutic and/or diagnostic apparatus having a position detecting device.
  218. Lemcke Ulrich,DEX ; Gartner Hartmut,DEX, Medical therapeutic and/or diagnostic appliance with a sterilizable position sensing attachment.
  219. Luber Joachim,DEX ; Lemcke Ulrich,DEX ; Duschek Christian,DEX ; Mackevics Arvids,DEX ; Gartner Hartmut,DEX, Medical therapeutic and/or diagnostic appliance with a sterilizable position sensing attachment.
  220. Ackerman, Bryan L., Method and apparatus for application of a material to a substrate.
  221. Marquart, Joel G; Hunter, Mark W, Method and apparatus for calibrating non-linear instruments.
  222. Galloway, Jr., Robert L.; Chapman, William C.; Stefansic, James D.; Herline, Alan J.; Pinson, Candice D., Method and apparatus for collecting and processing physical space data for use while performing image-guided surgery.
  223. Galloway, Jr.,Robert L.; Chapman,William C.; Stefansic,James D.; Herline,Alan J.; Miga,Michael I.; Cash,David M.; Sinha,Tuhin K., Method and apparatus for collecting and processing physical space data for use while performing image-guided surgery.
  224. Thomas C. Kienzle, III ; Jon T. Lea, Method and apparatus for display of an image guided drill bit.
  225. Hashimshony, Dan; Cohen, Gil, Method and apparatus for examining a substance, particularly tissue, to characterize its type.
  226. Ricardo Guimaraes BR; Rod Ross ; Gregg Hughes, Method and apparatus for facilitating removal of a corneal graft.
  227. Rapoport Uri,ILX ITX 73115, Method and apparatus for guiding a penetrating tool into a three-dimensional object.
  228. Manwaring Kim H. (3440 E. Tonto Dr. Ahwatukee AZ 85044) Manwaring Mark L. (SW. 1430 Wadleigh Dr. Pullman WA 99163), Method and apparatus for guiding an instrument to a target.
  229. Glossop, Neil David, Method and apparatus for guiding an instrument to a target in the lung.
  230. Bakircioglu, Muge M.; Joshi, Sarang; Miller, Michael I., Method and apparatus for image registration using large deformation diffeomorphisms on a sphere.
  231. Clayton, John B; Rampersaud, Y. Raja, Method and apparatus for implantation between two vertebral bodies.
  232. Simon, David A.; Lent, Mark S.; Singhal, Ruchika; Csavoy, Andrew N., Method and apparatus for optimizing a computer assisted surgical procedure.
  233. Simon, David; Lent, Mark S.; Singhal, Ruchika; Csavoy, Andrew N., Method and apparatus for optimizing a computer assisted surgical procedure.
  234. Simon, David A., Method and apparatus for optimizing a therapy.
  235. Bharadwaj, Jeetendra, Method and apparatus for osteochondral autograft transplantation.
  236. Shimko, Daniel; Bharadwaj, Jeetendra; Kinnane, Keith Matthew; Nycz, Jeffrey H., Method and apparatus for osteochondral autograft transplantation.
  237. Frank, Kevin J; Mark, Kevin E, Method and apparatus for performing 2D to 3D registration.
  238. Acker, Dean M. J.; Krebs, Robert D, Method and apparatus for performing a minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty.
  239. Mears, Dana; Greig, Kevin; Zwirkoski, Paul A, Method and apparatus for performing a minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty.
  240. Mears, Dana; Greig, Kevin; Zwirkoski, Paul A., Method and apparatus for performing a minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty.
  241. Mears, Dana; Greig, Kevin; Zwirkoski, Paul A., Method and apparatus for performing a minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty.
  242. Mears, Dana; Greig, Kevin; Zwirkoski, Paul A., Method and apparatus for performing a minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty.
  243. Mears,Dana, Method and apparatus for performing a minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty.
  244. Urquhart,Steven J; Schallhorn,Richard S, Method and apparatus for performing stereotactic surgery.
  245. Simon, David A.; Rutz, Greg; Rajpal, Monish; Goodchild, Gordon; Haas, Michael, Method and apparatus for perspective inversion.
  246. Simon, David A.; Rutz, Greg; Rajpal, Monish; Goodchild, Gordon; Haas, Michael, Method and apparatus for perspective inversion.
  247. Simon, David A; Rutz, Greg; Rajpal, Monish; Goodchild, Gordon; Haas, Michael, Method and apparatus for perspective inversion.
  248. Truwit, Charles; Liu, Haiying, Method and apparatus for positioning a device in a body.
  249. Waynik, Jeffrey M.; Csavoy, Andrew N.; Sootsman, Keith; Solar, Matthew S.; Miller, Thomas I., Method and apparatus for positioning a guide relative to a base.
  250. Mire, David A.; Clayton, John B., Method and apparatus for positioning a reference frame.
  251. Mire, David A.; Clayton, John B., Method and apparatus for positioning a reference frame.
  252. Hunter, Mark, Method and apparatus for post-operative tuning of a spinal implant.
  253. Mire, David A.; Trieu, Hai H.; Dugger, Janice; Hunter, Mark W., Method and apparatus for preplanning a surgical procedure.
  254. Mire, David A; Trieu, Hai H; Dugger, Janice; Hunter, Mark W, Method and apparatus for preplanning a surgical procedure.
  255. Smith, Kurt R.; Bucholz, Richard D.; Schaewe, Timothy J., Method and apparatus for producing an accessing composite data.
  256. Smith Kurt R. ; Bucholz Richard D. ; Schaewe Timothy J., Method and apparatus for producing and accessing composite data.
  257. Smith, Kurt R.; Bucholz, Richard D.; Schaewe, Timothy J., Method and apparatus for producing and accessing composite data using a device having a distributed communication controller interface.
  258. Ryterski, Eric; Kendrick, Lance, Method and apparatus for providing a container to a sterile environment.
  259. Dukesherer, John H.; Burg, Bruce M.; Jascob, Bradley A.; Kessman, Paul, Method and apparatus for surgical navigation.
  260. Dukesherer,John H.; Burg,Bruce M.; Jascob,Bradley A.; Kessman,Paul, Method and apparatus for surgical navigation.
  261. Hartmann, Steven L.; Burg, Bruce M.; Bzostek, Andrew; Koenig, Matthew W.; Jacobsen, Brad; Jascob, Bradley A.; Kessman, Paul, Method and apparatus for surgical navigation.
  262. Hartmann, Steven L.; Burg, Bruce M.; Bzostek, Andrew; Koenig, Matthew W.; Jacobsen, Brad; Jascob, Bradley A.; Kessman, Paul, Method and apparatus for surgical navigation.
  263. Jascob, Bradley A.; Shaver, Scott; Martens, Todd; Yared, Nadim; Boes, Kirsten; Dukesherer, John H.; Hunter, Mark W., Method and apparatus for surgical navigation.
  264. Jascob, Bradley A; Dukesherer, John H; Shaver, Scott; Hunter, Mark; Martens, Todd; Yared, Nadim; Boes, Kirstin, Method and apparatus for surgical navigation.
  265. Tremblay, Brian M.; Jascob, Bradley A.; Martens, Todd; Larocque, Brandon D.; Hunter, Mark W., Method and apparatus for surgical navigation.
  266. Verard, Laurent G.; Hughes, Joel S.; Hartmann, Steven L.; Kappus, John J.; Moctezuma, Joseph; DiCorleto, Matthew F.; Jascob, Bradley A.; Clayton, John B., Method and apparatus for surgical navigation.
  267. Foley, Kevin T.; Sprouse, Stacy; Mire, David A.; Clayton, John B.; Hunter, Mark W., Method and apparatus for surgical navigation of a multiple piece construct for implantation.
  268. Foley, Kevin T.; Sprouse, Stacy; Mire, David; Clayton, John B.; Hunter, Mark W., Method and apparatus for surgical navigation of a multiple piece construct for implantation.
  269. Gattani, Abhishek; Hameed, Salmaan, Method and apparatus for tracking a surgical instrument during surgery.
  270. Simon, David A; Foley, Kevin; Hunter, Mark, Method and apparatus for virtual digital subtraction angiography.
  271. Simon,David A.; Foley,Kevin; Hunter,Mark, Method and apparatus for virtual digital subtraction angiography.
  272. Verard, Laurent; Kessman, Paul; Hunter, Mark, Method and apparatus for virtual endoscopy.
  273. Nolte, Lutz Peter; Sati, Marwan; Moulder, J. Christopher; Wentkowski, Michael; Scherrer, Jose L., Method and device for percutaneous determination of points associated with the surface of an organ.
  274. Moctezuma De La Barrera,Jose Luis; Sarvestini,Amir, Method and system for calibrating a surgical tool and adapter thereof.
  275. Manwaring Kim H. ; Manwaring Mark L., Method and system for directing an instrument to a target.
  276. Gilboa,Pinhas; Tolkowsky,David, Method and system for displaying cross-sectional images of a body.
  277. Sahay Alind ; Yeh Zhenghao, Method and system for finish cutting bone cavities.
  278. Martinelli, Michael A.; Haase, Wayne C., Method and system for navigating a catheter probe.
  279. Martinelli, Michael A.; Haase, Wayne C., Method and system for navigating a catheter probe.
  280. Martinelli, Michael A.; Kessman, Paul; Jascob, Brad, Method and system for navigating a catheter probe in the presence of field-influencing objects.
  281. Martinelli, Michael A.; Kessman, Paul; Jascob, Bradley A., Method and system for navigating a catheter probe in the presence of field-influencing objects.
  282. Michael A. Martinelli ; Paul Kessman ; Brad Jascob, Method and system for navigating a catheter probe in the presence of field-influencing objects.
  283. DiSilvestro, Mark R.; Sherman, Jason T.; Woods, Sherrod A., Method and system for registering a bone of a patient with a computer assisted orthopaedic surgery system.
  284. Jascob, Bradley; Simon, David; Kessman, Paul; Smith, Aaron, Method for calibrating a navigation system.
  285. Sherman, Jason T.; DiSilvestro, Mark R.; Popovic, Radivoje S., Method for determining a position of a magnetic source.
  286. Brent D. Mittelstadt, Method for determining the location and orientation of a bone for computer-assisted orthopedic procedures using intraoperatively attached markers.
  287. Schulz Waldean A., Method for determining the position and orientation of two moveable objects in three-dimensional space.
  288. Zheng,Guoyan; Nolte,Lutz Peter, Method for establishing a three-dimensional representation of a bone from image data.
  289. Navab Nassir, Method for localization of a biopsy needle or similar surgical tool in a radiographic image.
  290. Martinelli, Michael A.; Haase, Wayne C., Method for navigating a catheter probe.
  291. Vilsmeier, Stefan, Method for registering a patient data set obtained by an imaging process in navigation-supported surgical operations by means of an x-ray image assignment.
  292. Nahum, Bertin; Badano, Fernand; Maillet, Pierre; Habermeier, Alexander; Dehour, Patrick, Method for the automated and assisted acquisition of anatomical surfaces.
  293. Nahum, Bertin; Badano, Fernand; Maillet, Pierre; Habermeier, Alexander; Dehour, Patrick, Method for the automated and assisted acquisition of anatomical surfaces.
  294. Suri, Jasjit S.; Wei, Liyang; Kumar, Dinesh, Method for tissue culture extraction.
  295. Figueira Michael R. ; Penner Erik,DEX ; Keen Robert G., Method for verifying accuracy during intra-operative MR imaging.
  296. Axelson, Stuart L.; Rueber, Jens; de la Barrera, Jose Luis Moctezuma; Zimmerman, Peter, Method of and system for planning a surgery.
  297. Kessman, Paul; Holsing, Troy; Trobaugh, Jason, Method of detecting organ matter shift in a patient.
  298. Burg, Bruce M.; Dukesherer, John H.; Jascob, Bradley A.; Kessman, Paul, Method of forming an electromagnetic sensing coil in a medical instrument.
  299. Burg, Bruce M.; Dukesherer, John H.; Jascob, Bradley A.; Kessman, Paul, Method of forming an electromagnetic sensing coil in a medical instrument.
  300. Dukesherer, John H.; Burg, Bruce M.; Jascob, Bradley A.; Kessman, Paul, Method of forming an electromagnetic sensing coil in a medical instrument for a surgical navigation system.
  301. Suri, Jasjit S.; Narayanan, Ramkrishnan, Method of ultrasonic imaging and biopsy of the prostate.
  302. Axelson, Jr., Stuart L.; Rueber, Jens; Barrera, Jose Luis Moctezuma de la; Zimmermann, Peter, Method of virtually planning a size and position of a prosthetic implant.
  303. Sonenfeld, Uri; Malul, Uri, Methods and apparatus for dental implantation.
  304. McCombs,Daniel L., Methods and apparatuses for providing a reference array input device.
  305. Gilboa, Pinhas, Methods and systems for performing medical procedures with reference to determining estimated dispositions for actual dispositions of projective images to transform projective images into an image volume.
  306. Raghavan, Raghu; Grossman, Stuart A., Methods and systems for providing planning and dispensation of research and/or treatment for brain disease.
  307. Sutherland, Garnette Roy; Louw, Deon Francois; McBeth, Paul Bradley; Fielding, Tim; Gregoris, Dennis John, Methods relating to microsurgical robot system.
  308. Fuchs, Henry; Yang, Hua; Peck, Tabitha; Bulysheva, Anna; State, Andrei, Methods, systems, and computer readable media for image guided ablation.
  309. Messner Dale A. ; Quddus Ruhul ; Schellenberg John D., Microscope calibrator.
  310. Sutherland, Garnette Roy; Louw, Deon Francois; McBeth, Paul Bradley; Fielding, Tim; Gregoris, Dennis John, Microsurgical robot system.
  311. Sutherland, Garnette Roy; Louw, Deon Francois; McBeth, Paul Bradley; Fielding, Tim; Gregoris, Dennis John, Microsurgical robot system.
  312. Sutherland, Garnette Roy; Louw, Deon Francois; McBeth, Paul Bradley; Fielding, Tim; Gregoris, Dennis John, Microsurgical robot system.
  313. Sutherland, Garnette Roy; Louw, Deon Francois; McBeth, Paul Bradley; Fielding, Tim; Gregoris, Dennis John, Microsurgical robot system.
  314. Shoham, Moshe, Miniature bone-attached surgical robot.
  315. Joel I. Franck ; Frederick C. Haer ; Ronald J. Franklin, Movable arm locator for stereotactic surgery.
  316. Williams Gilbert T. ; McNally James M., Movable mirror laser registration system.
  317. David E. Acker ; Joel Zilberstein IL, Movable transmit or receive coils for location system.
  318. Gattani, Abhishek; Hameed, Salmaan, Multi-dimensional navigation of endoscopic video.
  319. Miller, Thomas I.; Skakoon, James G., Multi-lumen instrument guide.
  320. Melkent, Anthony J.; Kahler, David M., Multiple cannula image guided tool for image guided procedures.
  321. Melkent, Anthony J; Kahler, David M, Multiple cannula image guided tool for image guided procedures.
  322. Skakoon, James G., Multiple instrument retaining assembly and methods therefor.
  323. Green, Caroline; Heaney, Brian; Razzaque, Sharif; State, Andrei, Multiple medical device guidance.
  324. Kessman, Paul; Holsing, Troy; Trobaugh, Jason, Navigation information overlay onto ultrasound imagery.
  325. Paul Kessman ; Troy Holsing ; Jason Trobaugh, Navigation information overlay onto ultrasound imagery.
  326. Hunter, Mark W.; Jascob, Bradley A.; Verard, Laurent; Kelley, James F., Navigation system for cardiac therapies.
  327. Hunter, Mark W.; Jascob, Bradley A.; Verard, Laurent; Kelley, James F., Navigation system for cardiac therapies.
  328. Hunter, Mark; Jascob, Bradley A.; Verard, Laurent; Kelley, James, Navigation system for cardiac therapies.
  329. Verard, Laurent; Hunter, Mark W.; Bzostek, Andrew, Navigation system for cardiac therapies.
  330. Verard, Laurent; Hunter, Mark W.; Bzostek, Andrew, Navigation system for cardiac therapies.
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  350. Solar, Matthew S., Organ access device and method.
  351. Solar, Matthew S., Organ access device and method.
  352. Bennett, Travis, Orthopaedic bone saw and method of use thereof.
  353. Jackson, Roger P, Orthopedic implant rod reduction tool set and method.
  354. Jackson, Roger P, Orthopedic implant rod reduction tool set and method.
  355. Nycz, Jeffrey H.; Bharadwaj, Jeetendra; Shimko, Daniel, Osteochondral implant procedure.
  356. Sheffer, Garrett; Schoenefeld, Ryan, Patella tracking method and apparatus for use in surgical navigation.
  357. Roose, Jeffrey R.; Rhodes, Matt, Patient-customizable device and system for performing an orthopaedic surgical procedure.
  358. Martinelli, Michael A., Patient-shielding and coil system.
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  360. Foley Kevin T. ; Clayton John B. ; Melkent Anthony ; Sherman Michael, Percutaneous registration apparatus and method for use in computer-assisted surgical navigation.
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  363. Bladen, John Stuart; Anderson, Alan Patrick, Position location system.
  364. Ferre Maurice R. ; Jakab Peter D. ; Tieman James S., Position tracking and imaging system for use in medical applications.
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  372. Hashimshony, Dan; Cohen, Gil; Geltner, Iddo, Probes, systems, and methods for examining tissue according to the dielectric properties thereof.
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  374. Vilsmeier, Stefan; Birkenbach, Rainer, Process and apparatus for image guided treatment with an integration of X-ray detection and navigation system.
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  376. Rod Ross, Pulsed vacuum cataract removal system.
  377. Michael I. Miller ; Sarang C. Joshi ; Gary E. Christensen, Rapid convolution based large deformation image matching via landmark and volume imagery.
  378. Miller Michael I. ; Joshi Sarang C. ; Christensen Gary E., Rapid convolution based large deformation image matching via landmark and volume imagery.
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  386. Pfeiler, Manfred, Registration aid for medical images.
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  388. Hunter, Mark W; Kessman, Paul, Registration of human anatomy integrated for electromagnetic localization.
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  391. Truwit, Charles L., Remote actuation of trajectory guide.
  392. Franck Joel I. ; Haer Frederick C. ; Franklin Ronald J., Removable frames for stereotactic localization.
  393. Mills,Gerald W.; Brady,Martin; Raghavan,Raghu; David,John; Miller,Thomas I.; Solar,Matthew S., Robotic trajectory guide.
  394. Maillet, Pierre; Nahum, Bertin; Badano, Fernand; Dehour, Patrick, Robotic-assisted device for positioning a surgical instrument relative to the body of a patient.
  395. Maillet, Pierre; Nahum, Bertin; Badano, Fernand; Dehour, Patrick, Robotic-assisted device for positioning a surgical instrument relative to the body of a patient.
  396. Skakoon, James G.; Wharen, Robert; Solar, Matthew S.; Parmer, Kari; Mazzocchi, Rudy A.; David, John; Murdock, Frank; Hatcher, David; Miller, Thomas I.; Parmer, Timothy Alan; Truwit, Charles L., Sheath assembly for an access device and method therefor.
  397. Chakeres, Donald W., Simplified stereotactic apparatus and methods.
  398. Damadian, Raymond V., Simulator for surgical procedures.
  399. John Stuart Bladen GB; Alan Patrick Anderson GB, Simultaneous display during surgical navigation.
  400. Hunter, Mark; Rutz, Greg; Lyon, Torsten, Six degree of freedom alignment display for medical procedures.
  401. Stevens, George B.; Clendening, Grady A.; Waters, Windflower; Weintraub, Steven; Redden, Warren; Redden, Carl; Srack, Robert W.; Srack, Janet M., Stereoscopic measurement system and method.
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  410. Donald W. Chakeres, Stereotactic apparatus and methods.
  411. Copley,Russell; O'Connor,James, Stereotactic head frame localizer.
  412. Cosman Eric R., Stereotactic optical navigation.
  413. Malackowski, Donald W.; de la Barrere, Jose Luis Moctezuma; Hershberger, David E.; Bohringer, Markus; Forst, Peter; Buehner, Ulrich; Stangenberg, Martin; Culp, Jerry A.; Welte, Klaus, Surgery system.
  414. Hunter, Mark W; Kessman, Paul; Jascob, Brad, Surgical communication and power system.
  415. Hunter,Mark W; Kessman,Paul; Jascob,Brad, Surgical communication and power system.
  416. Mark W. Hunter ; Paul Kessman ; Brad Jascob, Surgical communication and power system.
  417. Kienzle, III, Thomas C.; Lea, Jon T., Surgical drill for use with a computer assisted surgery system.
  418. Razzaque, Sharif; State, Andrei; Kohli, Luv; Heaney, Brian, Surgical guidance intersection display.
  419. Charles, Steve T.; Stoughton, Robert; Stuart, J. Michael; Bronisz, Larry, Surgical manipulator.
  420. Charles, Steve T.; Stuart, J. Michael; Bronisz, Larry, Surgical manipulator.
  421. Charles, Steve T; Stuart, J. Michael; Bronisz, Larry, Surgical manipulator.
  422. Stuart, J. Michael, Surgical manipulator.
  423. Green, Philip S.; Jensen, Joel F., Surgical manipulator for a telerobotic system.
  424. Green, Philip S.; Jensen, Joel F., Surgical manipulator for a telerobotic system.
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  426. Green, Philip S.; Jensen, Joel F., Surgical manipulator for a telerobotic system.
  427. Jensen, Joel F.; Hill, John W., Surgical manipulator for a telerobotic system.
  428. Joel F. Jensen ; John W. Hill, Surgical manipulator for a telerobotic system.
  429. Moraviec, Paul, Surgical mechanism control system.
  430. Moraviec, Paul, Surgical mechanism control system.
  431. Bladen, John Stuart; Anderson, Alan Patrick, Surgical navigation.
  432. Bladen, John Stuart; Anderson, Alan Patrick, Surgical navigation.
  433. McCombs, Daniel L.; Thornberry, Robert C.; Stallings, Jody, Surgical navigation system component fault interfaces and related processes.
  434. Carson, Christopher P., Surgical navigation systems and processes for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.
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