초록 ▼

In a hydrocracking process a feed mixture comprising: heavy oil containing asphaltenes and sulfur moieties; an oil-soluble, metal-containing compound additive (such as iron pentacarbonyl or molybdenum 2-ethyl hexanoate), which additive is operative to impede coalescence of coke precursors and which

In a hydrocracking process a feed mixture comprising: heavy oil containing asphaltenes and sulfur moieties; an oil-soluble, metal-containing compound additive (such as iron pentacarbonyl or molybdenum 2-ethyl hexanoate), which additive is operative to impede coalescence of coke precursors and which forms hydrocracking catalytic particles in situ; and, optionally, a hydrocarbon diluent which is a solvent for asphaltenes and which will assist with dispersion of the additive; is mixed for a prolonged period at low temperature (e.g., 80°C.-190°C.) in a first vessel or vessels to disperse the additive without significantly decomposing the additive. Preferably, the product mixture is then digested in a second vessel or vessels by mixing it at an elevated temperature (e.g., 250°C.), to decompose the additive. The resulting mixture is then heated to hydrocracking temperature (e.g., 450°C.) and introduced into a reactor. A hydrogen flow, sufficient to maintain mixing in the reactor and efficient (e.g., greater than 98%) stripping of light ends (e.g., end point boiling 20°C.), is provided. the steps of low temperature mixing to achieve dispersion without additive decomposition, preferably digesting to decompose the additive under mixing conditions, and mixing in the reactor with stripping, combine to yield well dispersed, colloidal catalytic particles which function to impede coke evolution and provide high conversion of the high boiling (504°C.) fraction of the feedstock.

대표청구항 ▼

A process for hydrocracking a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock containing asphaltenes and sulfur moieties, comprising: combining the feedstock and an oil-soluble metal compound additive and temporarily retaining the product in a mixer and mixing it at a temperature that is in the range 50°C. to 300°C. an

A process for hydrocracking a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock containing asphaltenes and sulfur moieties, comprising: combining the feedstock and an oil-soluble metal compound additive and temporarily retaining the product in a mixer and mixing it at a temperature that is in the range 50°C. to 300°C. and which is less than the decomposition temperature of the additive, to produce a product mixture; said additive being selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, iron, nickel and cobalt compound additives, said additives being operative, when heated to hydrocracking temperature, to decompose and react with sulfur moieties in the feedstock to form metal sulfide particles that are catalytic for hydrocracking; said mixing being conducted for sufficient time to cause the additive to be sufficiently dispersed so that the metal sulfide particles formed upon hydrocracking are colloidal in size; then further heating the product mixture to hydrocracking temperature; introducing the heated product mixture into the chamber of a hydrocracking reactor; temporarily retaining the heated product mixture in the chamber, continuously passing sufficient hydrogen through substantially the breadth and length of the chamber contents to maintain mixing of the chamber contents and stripping of light ends, and removing unreacted hydrogen and entrained light ends from the chamber and producing a pitch containing product comprising colloidal metal sulfide.