초록 ▼

Compositions and processes are disclosed for producing improved electrical insulation, environmental protection, corrosion resistance and improved paint adhesion for metals; e.g., ferrous, aluminum, or magnesium alloys; as well as other substrates such as anodized metals, glasses, paints, plastics,

Compositions and processes are disclosed for producing improved electrical insulation, environmental protection, corrosion resistance and improved paint adhesion for metals; e.g., ferrous, aluminum, or magnesium alloys; as well as other substrates such as anodized metals, glasses, paints, plastics, semiconductors, microprocessors, ceramics, cements, silicon wafers, electronic components, skin, hair, and wood upon contact. The compositions and processes comprise use of one or more Group IV-A metals, such as zirconium, in combination with one or more non-fluoanions while fluorides are specifically excluded from the processes and compositions above certain levels. The processes can contain pretreatment stages that serve to activate a substrate surface and/or promote formation of metal- and mixed-metal oxide matrices through use of an oxygen donor. The compositions are at a pH below about 5.0 and are preferably in a range between about 1.0 and about 4.0. The coatings may contain additives such as surfactants, sequestering agents, or other organic additives for improved corrosion protection and paint adhesion. The substrate may be treated by immersion, spray, fogging or rollcoat and other common application techniques.

대표청구항 ▼

[ I claim:] [1.] A composition for coating a substrate comprising:a) at least one Group IV-A metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium and combinations thereof, wherein the concentration of said Group IV-A metal is from about 1.0.times.10.sup.-6 moles per liter to abou

[ I claim:] [1.] A composition for coating a substrate comprising:a) at least one Group IV-A metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium and combinations thereof, wherein the concentration of said Group IV-A metal is from about 1.0.times.10.sup.-6 moles per liter to about 2.0 moles per liter in said composition;b) at least one anion with a charge-to-radius ratio having an absolute value less than 0.735, or any combination thereof, wherein said anion is present in an amount such that said Group IV-A metal remains soluble;c) sufficient hydrogen ion in a concentration sufficient to maintain the composition at a pH of less than about 5.0;d) fluoride atoms which are optionally present in a ratio of zero to four fluoride atoms per Group IV-A metal ion; ande) water.