Method of determining the volumetric proportion of liquid water and the density of snow and a device for carrying out the method
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
G01R-027/26
G01R-027/32
G01N-025/62
G01W-001/00
G01F-023/00
출원번호
US-0568080
(2000-05-10)
우선권정보
DE9755052 (1997-12-11)
발명자
/ 주소
Brandelik Alexander,DEX
Hubner Christof,DEX
출원인 / 주소
Forschungszenfrum Karlsruhe GmbH, DEX
대리인 / 주소
Bach
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
8인용 특허 :
5
초록▼
In a method and apparatus for determining the volumetric proportion of water in snow and the density of snow, a probe consisting of at least three parallel, but differently spaced, electrical conductors is installed in an area so that the probe is surrounded by the snow, an electromagnetic signal is
In a method and apparatus for determining the volumetric proportion of water in snow and the density of snow, a probe consisting of at least three parallel, but differently spaced, electrical conductors is installed in an area so that the probe is surrounded by the snow, an electromagnetic signal is applied repeatedly to pairs of the conductors for determining different dielectricity coefficients, wherefrom the actual dielectricity coefficient is calculated based on probe-specific calibration data and the measuring steps are repeated with a different frequency for which the dielectricity coefficients of the water and ice are known and the volumetric parts of the snow, that is of the water, ice and air in the snow cover is calculated using the law of mass conservation.
대표청구항▼
[ What is claimed is:] [1.]1. A method for determining the volumetric proportion of liquid water and the density of snow, including the following method steps:a) installing a probe consisting of at least three electrical conductors which are disposed parallel to, and at different distances from, one
[ What is claimed is:] [1.]1. A method for determining the volumetric proportion of liquid water and the density of snow, including the following method steps:a) installing a probe consisting of at least three electrical conductors which are disposed parallel to, and at different distances from, one another before a snow fall or in an established snow cover,b) applying to two of the conductors an electromagnetic signal with a frequency of which the dielectricity coefficient of the water and the ice are known and determining the dielectricity coefficient of the snow, with an unavoidable air gap around the probe, from the transmission behavior of the electromagnetic signal,c) repeating the determination of the dielectricity coefficient wherein the penetration depth of the measuring field of the probe is different from the first measurement by selecting a different conductor spacing,d) calculating from the two measurements the real dielectricity coefficient, which is not influenced by the gap, by using probe-specific calibration data,e) repeating the method steps b), c), and d) with another measuring frequency for which the dielectricity coefficient of the water and the ice is known, but of which at least one has a value different from before, andf) calculating the volumetric parts of the snow that is of the water, ice and air from the real dielectricity coefficient using the law of mass conservation.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (5)
Gerardi Joseph J. (Dryden NY) Hickman Gail A. (Dryden NY) Khatkhate Ateen A. (Ithaca NY) Pruzan Dan A. (Ithaca NY), Apparatus for measuring ice distribution profiles.
Gerardi Joseph J. (81 Crystal Dr. Dryden NY 13053) Dahl Philip R. (16919 Strawberry Dr. Encino CA 91436) Hickman Gail A. (81 Crystal Dr. Dryden NY 13053), Piezoelectric sensor.
Christian, James Loren; Whittemore, Samuel Tileston; Markle, Brinton Johnston Wadsworth, Methods, apparatus and systems for measuring snow structure and stability.
Farrington, Stephen P., Systems, methods, and software for determining spatially variable distributions of the dielectric properties of a heterogeneous material.
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