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A zirconia sol comprising an aqueous phase having dispersed therein a plurality of single crystal zirconia particles having an average primary particle size less than about 20 nm. The zirconia sols are substantially non associated having a dispersion index ranging from about 1-3 and are highly cryst

A zirconia sol comprising an aqueous phase having dispersed therein a plurality of single crystal zirconia particles having an average primary particle size less than about 20 nm. The zirconia sols are substantially non associated having a dispersion index ranging from about 1-3 and are highly crystalline exhibiting a crystallinity index of about 0.65 or greater. Of the crystalline phase, about 70% or greater exists in combined cubic and tetragonal crystal lattice structures without a crystal phase stabilizer. Also described is a hydrothermal method of making zirconia sols having substantially non-associated zirconia particles and composite materials made from the zirconia sols.

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1. A zirconia sol comprising:an aqueous phase having dispersed therein a plurality of substantially non-associated single crystal zirconia particles having an average primary particle size about 20 nm or less and a dispersion index ranging from about 1-3, wherein the zirconia particles have a crysta

1. A zirconia sol comprising:an aqueous phase having dispersed therein a plurality of substantially non-associated single crystal zirconia particles having an average primary particle size about 20 nm or less and a dispersion index ranging from about 1-3, wherein the zirconia particles have a crystallinity index of about 0.65 or greater and about 70% or greater combined cubic and tetragonal crystal lattice structure in the absence of an effective amount of a crystal phase stabilizer.