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A lithium ion secondary battery having an anode comprised of substantially crystalline graphitic carbon nanofibers composed of graphite sheets. The graphite sheets are preferably substantially perpendicular or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the carbon nanofiber. This invention also relates to

A lithium ion secondary battery having an anode comprised of substantially crystalline graphitic carbon nanofibers composed of graphite sheets. The graphite sheets are preferably substantially perpendicular or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the carbon nanofiber. This invention also relates to the above-mentioned electrode for use in lithium ion secondary batteries.

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1. A lithium ion battery comprising an anode, a cathode and a lithium salt electrolyte, wherein the anode is comprised of substantially crystalline graphite carbon nanofibers comprised of graphite sheets that are aligned in directions that are perpendicular to, or parallel to the longitudinal axis o

1. A lithium ion battery comprising an anode, a cathode and a lithium salt electrolyte, wherein the anode is comprised of substantially crystalline graphite carbon nanofibers comprised of graphite sheets that are aligned in directions that are perpendicular to, or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the nanofibers, wherein the distance between graphite sheets is from about 0.335 nm to about 0.67 nm, and having a crystallinity of at least about 95%, and wherein the exposed surfaces of the nanofibers are comprised of over 95% edge regions. 2. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 wherein the graphite sheets are aligned in directions that are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the nanofiber. 3. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 wherein the cathode is comprised of a lithium transition metal oxide material. 4. The lithium ion battery of claim 3 wherein the lithium transition metal oxide material is selected from the group consisting of LiCoO2,LiNiO2and LiMnO2. 5. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 wherein the lithium salt electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of LiClO4,LiBF4,and LiPF6. 6. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 wherein the crystallinity of the nanofibers is at least about 97%. 7. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 wherein the crystallinity of the nanofibers is at least about 98%. 8. The lithium ion battery of claim 1 wherein the crystallinity of the nanofibers is between about 98% and 100%. 9. The lithium ion battery of claim 2 wherein the crystallinity of the nanofibers is at least about 98%. 10. The lithium ion battery of claim 2 wherein the crystallinity of the nanofibers is between about 98% and 100%. 11. The lithium ion battery of claim 4 wherein the lithium salt electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of LiClO4,LiBF4,and LiPF6,and the crystallinity of the nanofibers is at least about 98%. 12. The lithium ion battery of claim 11 wherein the crystallinity of the nanofibers is between about 98% and 100%. 13. The lithium ion battery of claim 12 wherein the distance between graphite sheets is from about 0.335 nm to about 0.40 nm.