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A computerized system and method of computerized bullet ballistic analysis is based on acquisition of depth profiles of the surface of a bullet under examination, estimation and compensation for coaxiality errors of the data acquired, and matching normalized data with reference data related to refer

A computerized system and method of computerized bullet ballistic analysis is based on acquisition of depth profiles of the surface of a bullet under examination, estimation and compensation for coaxiality errors of the data acquired, and matching normalized data with reference data related to reference bullet(s) or a gun in question to determine whether the bullet under examination was fired from the gun in question. The computerized system includes a mechanism used for holding and rotating a bullet, a depth sensor measuring the depth profile of striations over part of the surface of the bullet, an analog to digital converter for receiving data from the sensor and sending digitized data to the computer where a computer program estimates and compensates the received digitized data for coaxiality errors and compares the normalized data of the bullet under examination with reference data.

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A computerized system and method of computerized bullet ballistic analysis is based on acquisition of depth profiles of the surface of a bullet under examination, estimation and compensation for coaxiality errors of the data acquired, and matching normalized data with reference data related to refer

A computerized system and method of computerized bullet ballistic analysis is based on acquisition of depth profiles of the surface of a bullet under examination, estimation and compensation for coaxiality errors of the data acquired, and matching normalized data with reference data related to reference bullet(s) or a gun in question to determine whether the bullet under examination was fired from the gun in question. The computerized system includes a mechanism used for holding and rotating a bullet, a depth sensor measuring the depth profile of striations over part of the surface of the bullet, an analog to digital converter for receiving data from the sensor and sending digitized data to the computer where a computer program estimates and compensates the received digitized data for coaxiality errors and compares the normalized data of the bullet under examination with reference data. ng a substantially S-shaped testing path and a substantially linear bypass path; a bypass assembly including a bypass frame slidably coupled to the main frame, the bypass assembly operable to move the main frame between a testing position wherein panels are received by the testing path, and a bypass position wherein panels are received by the bypass path. 7. The panel tester of claim 6, wherein the bypass assembly includes a lifter assembly that lifts the main frame to the bypass position. 8. The panel tester of claim 7, wherein when the main frame is in the bypass position, the main frame is supported by the lifter assembly and the bypass frame. 9. The panel tester of claim 1, wherein the main frame includes a conveyor assembly substantially defining the bypass path. 10. The panel tester of claim 1, wherein the bypass path extends below the testing path. 11. A panel tester for testing individual panels delivered to the panel tester in a stream, the panel tester comprising: a main frame including a plurality of rollers, the rollers being positioned to guide the panels along a substantially S-shaped testing path; at least one sensor operatively coupled to a roller to measure a load applied to the roller, the load changing based upon a position of the panel along the testing path; and a control system communicating with the sensor to monitor the load, the control system selectively recording the load in response to a detected load change. 12. The panel tester of claim 11, wherein the control system is operable to translationally move at least some of the rollers with respect to the main frame. 13. The panel tester of claim 11, wherein the testing path includes substantially linear portions, and substantially curved portions. 14. The panel tester of claim 13, wherein in response to the panel moving from a linear portion to a curved portion of the testing path, the load increases, and wherein in response to the load increasing, the control system begins recording the load. 15. The panel tester of claim 13, wherein in response to the panel moving from a curved portion to a linear portion of the testing path, the load decreases, and wherein in response to the load decreasing, the control system ceases recording the load. 16. A method for testing individual panels delivered to a panel tester in a stream, the individual panels having a leading edge, the method comprising: guiding an individual panel through the panel tester along a substantially S-shaped testing path, the testing path defined by a plurality of rollers; coupling a load cell to a deflector roller to measure a load applied to the panel by the deflector roller, the load cell providing a load output; monitoring the load output as the panels are guided through the panel tester; feeding the leading edge of the panel along the S-shaped path in a generally linear direction; bending the panel by diverting the leading edge of the panel into a nip between two rollers, thereby engaging the panel with the deflector roller and increasing the load output; and recording the load output in response to the load output increasing. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising releasing a trailing edge of the panel from between two rollers, thereby disengaging the panel with the deflector roller and decreasing the load output, and terminating recording of the load output in response to the load output decreasing. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein guiding an individual panel along an S-shaped path comprises guiding the panel along a first curved portion and a second curved portion. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein monitoring the load output comprises sending signals from the load cell to a control system. Measuring the Reflection Coefficient" Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 43-56 (1997). Mammone, Richard J. and Zeevi, Yehoshua, Neural Networks Theory and Applications. Chapters 1 and 3, pp. 1-22, 43-80 (1991). Reitman, Ed. Experiments in Artificial Neural Networks. Chapter 1, pp. 1-12 (1988). Dunlop, J.I. "Damping Loss in Wood at Mid Kilohertz Frequencies" Wood and Science Technology, Chapter 12, pp. 49-62 (1978). Dunlop, J.I. "Testing of Poles by Acoustic Resonance" Wood and Science Technology, Chapter 17, pp. 31-38 (1983). Klapstein, Weichman, Bauer and Kenway. "Optical characteristics of wood stains and rot" Applied Optics, vol. 28, No. 20, pp. 4450-4452 (Oct. 15, 1989). vehicle, comprising: an inter-vehicle distance detector to detect an inter-vehicle distance of the vehicle to a preceding vehicle which is running ahead of the vehicle; a target vehicular velocity variation rate calculating section that calculates a target vehicular velocity variation rate to make the detected inter-vehicle distance substantially equal to a target inter-vehicle distance; an automatic vehicular velocity controlling section enabled to perform an automatic vehicular velocity control to maintain the target vehicular velocity variation rate calculated by the target vehicular velocity variation rate calculating section; a shift operation detector to detect whether a range selection by a vehicular driver occurs from a drive range to a gear speed maintaining range and vice versa; a vehicular motion predicting section that predicts a vehicular motion at the gear speed maintaining range when the shift operation detector detects that the range selection by the vehicular driver occurs from the drive range to the gear speed maintaining range; an automatic vehicular velocity control release determining section that determines whether the vehicular motion predicted by the vehicular motion predicting section falls within an allowable range when the shift operation detector detects that the range selection by the vehicular driver occurs from the drive range to the gear speed maintaining range; and an automatic vehicular velocity control releasing section that releases the automatic vehicular velocity control by the automatic vehicular velocity controlling section when the vehicular motion falls out of the allowable range but continues the automatic vehicular velocity control by the automatic vehicular velocity controlling section when the vehicular motion falls within the allowable range. 2. An apparatus for automatically controlling a vehicular velocity for a vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the shift operation detector detects that the range selection by the vehicular driver occurs from the gear speed maintaining range to the drive range while the automatic vehicular velocity control by the automatic vehicular velocity controlling section is released, the automatic vehicular velocity control releasing section, in turn, enables the automatic vehicular velocity control by the automatic vehicular velocity controlling section. 3. An apparatus for automatically controlling a vehicular velocity for a vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the automatic vehicular velocity control release determining section determines that the vehicular motion predicted by the vehicular motion predicting section falls within the allowable range while the automatic vehicular velocity control by the automatic vehicular velocity controlling section is released, the automatic vehicular velocity control releasing section enables the automatic vehicular velocity control by the automatic vehicular velocity controlling section. 4. An apparatus for automatically controlling a vehicular velocity for a vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the automatic vehicular velocity control release determining section further comprises a braking control determining section that determines whether the automatic vehicular velocity control performed by the automatic vehicular velocity controlling section is under a braking control when such a release condition is established that the shift operation detector detects that the range selection by the vehicular driver occurs from the drive range to the gear speed maintaining range and the vehicular motion predicted by the vehicular motion predicting section falls out of the allowable range and wherein the automatic vehicular velocity control releasing section releases the automatic vehicular velocity control when a braking pressure for a vehicular braking system is reduced by a predetermined such that a variation in the vehicular velocity variation rate is in a middle between zero degree and 90° d egree and, thereafter, becomes a non-braking condition. 5. An apparatus for automatically controlling a vehicular velocity for a vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the automatic vehicular velocity control release determining section further includes a braking control determining section that determines whether the automatic vehicular velocity control performed by the automatic vehicular velocity controlling section is executing the braking control when such a release condition is established that the shift operation detector detects that the range selection by the vehicular driver occurs from the drive range to the gear speed maintaining range and the vehicular motion predicted by the vehicular motion predicting section falls out of the allowable range and wherein the automatic vehicular velocity control releasing section releases the automatic vehicular velocity control after the automatic vehicular velocity controlling section has ended the braking control. 6. An apparatus for automatically controlling a vehicular velocity for a vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vehicular motion predicting section further includes a vehicular velocity detector to detect a vehicular velocity; an engine speed calculating section that calculates an engine speed when the range selection by the vehicular driver through a shift mechanism of a four-speed automatic transmission of the vehicle occurs from the drive range to a 2nd-speed range according to the vehicular velocity; and a comparing section that comprises the engine speed N2nd with a predetermined threshold value NTHto determine whether the engine speed N2nd is equal to or lower than the predetermined threshold value NTH. 7. An apparatus for automatically controlling a vehicular velocity for a vehicle as claimed in claim 6, wherein the automatic vehicular velocity control releasing section includes a vehicular run control release flag FF which is reset to "0" representing that the automatic vehicular velocity control by the automatic vehicular velocity controlling section is enabled to be continued when the shift operation detector detects that the range selection by the vehicular driver occurs from the drive range to the 2nd-speed range and the engine speed N2nd is equal to or lower than the predetermined threshold value NTHand which is set to "1" representing that the automatic vehicular velocity control by the automatic vehicular velocity controlling section is released when the shift operation detector detects that the range selection by the vehicular driver occurs from the drive range to the 2nd-speed range and the engine speed N2nd in the 2nd-speed range is in excess of the predetermined threshold value. 8. An apparatus for automatically controlling a vehicular velocity for a vehicle as claimed in claim 7, wherein when the shift operation detector detects that the range selection by the vehicular driver occurs from the 2nd-speed range to the D range while the vehicular run control release flag FF is set to "1", the vehicular run control release flag FF is reset to "0" to enable the automatic vehicular velocity control by the automatic vehicular velocity controlling section. 9. An apparatus for automatically controlling a vehicular velocity for a vehicle as claimed in claim 7, wherein when the shift operation detector detects that the engine speed N2d in the 2nd-speed range is equal to or lower than the predetermined threshold value NTHwhile the vehicular run control release flag FF is set to "1", the vehicular run control release flag FF is reset to "0" to enable the automatic vehicular velocity control section by the automatic vehicular velocity controlling section. 10. An apparatus for automatically controlling a vehicular velocity for a vehicle as claimed in claim 9, wherein the automatic vehicular velocity control release determining section further includes a braking control determining section that determines whether the automatic vehicular velocity control performed by the automatic vehicular velocity controlling section is executing the braking control when such a release condition is established that the shift operation detector detects that the range selection by the vehicular driver occurs from the drive range to the gear speed maintaining range and the vehicular motion predicted by the vehicular motion predicting section falls out of the allowable range when the braking control determining section determines that the automatic vehicular velocity control performed by the automatic vehicular velocity controlling section is in the braking control to reduce the vehicular velocity according to whether a target braking pressure PB* calculated by the automatic vehicular velocity controlling section is positive and wherein the automatic vehicular velocity control release determining section further includes a pressure decrease flag FD which is reset to "0" at an initial stage of the braking pressure decrease and which is set to "1" when the braking pressure decrease is carried out; and a flag status determining section that determines whether the pressure decrease flag FD is set to "1" after the automatic vehicular velocity control release flag FF is set to "0"; and an inhibiting section that inhibits an output of the target braking pressure PB* to a braking controller in the vehicular braking system in the automatic vehicular velocity control when the pressure decrease flag FD is set to "0"; and a setting section that sets the pressure decrease flag FD to "1" after the output of the target braking pressure PB* in the automatic vehicular velocity control is inhibited. 11. An apparatus for automatically controlling a vehicular velocity for a vehicle as claimed in claim 10, wherein the automatic vehicular velocity control releasing section further includes a subtractor that subtracts a predetermined pressure decrease coefficient ΔPBfrom the target braking pressure PB* as follows: PB*=PB*-ΔPBand the automatic vehicular velocity controlling section outputs the target braking pressure PB* to the braking controller to the vehicular braking system and wherein the automatic vehicular velocity control releasing section releases the automatic vehicular velocity control when the target braking pressure PB* indicates zero or negative. 12. An apparatus for automatically controlling a vehicular velocity for a vehicle as claimed in claim 11, wherein the predetermined pressure decrease coefficient is approximately 0.5 MPa/s. 13. An apparatus for automatically controlling a vehicular velocity for a vehicle as claimed in claim 9, wherein the automatic vehicular velocity control release determining section further includes a braking control determining section that determines whether the automatic vehicular velocity controlling section is under a braking control when the shift operation detector detects that the range selection by the vehicular driver occurs from the drive range to the 2nd-speed range and the engine speed N2nd in the 2nd-speed range is in excess of the predetermined threshold value NTHand wherein the automatic vehicular velocity control releasing section releases the automatic vehicular velocity control by the automatic vehicular velocity controlling section with the vehicular run control release flag FF set to "1" after the automatic vehicular velocity controlling section has ended the braking control when the braking control determining section determines that the automatic vehicular velocity control is under the braking control. 14. An apparatus for automatically controlling a vehicular velocity for a vehicle, comprising: inter-vehicle distance detecting means for detecting an inter-vehicle distance of the vehicle to a preceding vehicle which is running ahead of the vehicle; target vehicular velocity variation rate calculating mea ns for calculating a target vehicular velocity variation rate to make the detected inter-vehicle distance substantially equal to a target inter-vehicle distance; automatic vehicular velocity controlling means enabled for performing an automatic vehicular velocity control to maintain the target vehicular velocity variation rate calculated by the target vehicular velocity variation rate calculating means; shift operation detecting means for detecting whether a range selection by a vehicular driver occurs from a drive range to a gear speed maintaining range and vice versa; vehicular motion predicting means for predicting a vehicular motion at the gear speed maintaining range when the shift operation detector detects that the range selection by the vehicular driver occurs from the drive range to the gear speed maintaining range; and automatic vehicular velocity control release determining means for determining whether the vehicular motion predicted by the vehicular motion predicting means falls within an allowable range when the shift operation detecting means detects that the range selection by the vehicular driver occurs from the drive range to the gear speed maintaining range and for releasing the automatic vehicular velocity control by the automatic vehicular velocity controlling means when the vehicular motion falls out of the allowable range but for continuing the automatic vehicular velocity control by the automatic vehicular velocity controlling means when the vehicular motion falls within the allowable range. 15. A method for automatically controlling a vehicular velocity for a vehicle, comprising: detecting an inter-vehicle distance of the vehicle to a preceding vehicle which is running ahead of the vehicle; calculating a target vehicular velocity variation rate to make the detected inter-vehicle distance substantially equal to a target inter-vehicle distance; performing an automatic vehicular velocity control to maintain the target vehicular velocity variation rate; detecting whether a range selection by a vehicular driver occurs from a drive range to a gear speed maintaining range and vice versa; predicting a vehicular motion at the gear speed maintaining range when detecting that the range selection by the vehicular driver occurs from the drive range to the gear speed maintaining range; and determining whether the vehicular motion predicted falls within an allowable range when detecting that the range selection by the vehicular driver occurs from the drive range to the gear speed maintaining range; releasing the automatic vehicular velocity control in a case when the vehicular motion falls out of the allowable range; and continuing the automatic vehicular velocity control in a case when the vehicular motion falls within the allowable range.