초록 ▼

The present invention relates to a process for treating a metal substrate to improve adhesion of polymeric materials thereto, comprising the steps of intergranular etching a surface of the metal substrate; and applying an immersion plated metal to the intergranular etched surface by immersing th

The present invention relates to a process for treating a metal substrate to improve adhesion of polymeric materials thereto, comprising the steps of intergranular etching a surface of the metal substrate; and applying an immersion plated metal to the intergranular etched surface by immersing the surface in an immersion plating composition comprising one or more plating metals selected from tin, silver, bismuth, copper, nickel, lead, zinc, indium, palladium, platinum, gold, cadmium, ruthenium, cobalt, gallium and germanium. In one embodiment, the immersion plated metal is tin. In one embodiment, the process further comprises a step of adhering the immersion metal plated surface to a surface of a polymeric non-conductive material. In another embodiment, the polymeric nonconductive material is one or more of PTFE, an epoxy resin, a polyimide, a polycyanate ester, a butadiene terephthalate resin, or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the process further comprises a step of applying a silane over the immersion plated metal from an aqueous solution of a silane.

대표청구항 ▼

The present invention relates to a process for treating a metal substrate to improve adhesion of polymeric materials thereto, comprising the steps of intergranular etching a surface of the metal substrate; and applying an immersion plated metal to the intergranular etched surface by immersing th

The present invention relates to a process for treating a metal substrate to improve adhesion of polymeric materials thereto, comprising the steps of intergranular etching a surface of the metal substrate; and applying an immersion plated metal to the intergranular etched surface by immersing the surface in an immersion plating composition comprising one or more plating metals selected from tin, silver, bismuth, copper, nickel, lead, zinc, indium, palladium, platinum, gold, cadmium, ruthenium, cobalt, gallium and germanium. In one embodiment, the immersion plated metal is tin. In one embodiment, the process further comprises a step of adhering the immersion metal plated surface to a surface of a polymeric non-conductive material. In another embodiment, the polymeric nonconductive material is one or more of PTFE, an epoxy resin, a polyimide, a polycyanate ester, a butadiene terephthalate resin, or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the process further comprises a step of applying a silane over the immersion plated metal from an aqueous solution of a silane. dried air. 6. The system for supplying ozone to a liquid according to claim 3, wherein the ozone generator comprises a pair of driers for removing moisture from the air and to increase an oxygen content of the air, and the pair of driers are connected to an ozone cell, via an air flow gauge, for supplying the dried air thereto and facilitating generation of ozone from the dried air, and a power supply is connected to the ozone generator to supply a voltage to the ozone cell and facilitate the generation of ozone. 7. The system for supplying ozone to a liquid according to claim 1, wherein the mixing chamber comprises an elongate chamber having an inlet and an outlet, the mixing chamber supports a plurality of baffles which induce a serpentine flow path within the mixing chamber and facilitate mixing of the ozone within the liquid containing the detergent to be ozonated so as to increase the percentage of the ozone dissolved within the liquid and in contact with the detergent to be in excess of about 80%. 8. The system for supplying ozone to a liquid according to claim 1, wherein the mixing chamber comprises an elongate chamber having an inlet and an outlet, the mixing chamber supports at least one pair of rotatable propeller blades within the mixing chamber, a first one of the pair of rotatable blades rotates in a first direction and a second one of the pair of rotatable blades rotates in the opposite direction, and the pair of rotatable blades enhances mixing of the ozone within the liquid containing the detergent so as to increase the percentage of the ozone dissolved within the liquid and in contact with the detergent to be in excess of about 80%. 9. The system for supplying ozone to a liquid according to claim 1, wherein the mixing chamber comprises an elongate chamber having an inlet and an outlet, the mixing chamber supports at least one screen extending transversely across a diameter of the mixing chamber, and the at least one screen enhances mixing of the ozone within the liquid containing the detergent so as to increase the percentage of the ozone dissolved within the liquid and in contact with the detergent to be in excess of about 80 percent. 10. The system for supplying ozone to a liquid according to claim 1, wherein the mixing chamber comprises an elongate chamber having an inlet and an outlet, the mixing chamber supports at least one static mixer within the mixing chamber, the at least one static mixer enhances mixing of the ozone within the liquid containing the detergent so as to increase the percentage of the ozone dissolved within the liquid and in contact with the detergent to be in excess of about 80%. 11. The system for supplying ozone to a liquid according to claim 1, wherein the reservoir communicates with a sump and the sump is connected to a sewer, via a drainage conduit, to facilitate discarding of all of the liquid contained within the reservoir following completion of a cycle of the system; and the reservoir is connected to a fresh liquid source for supplying fresh liquid to the reservoir to supply further liquid for a next cycle of the system. 12. The system for supplying ozone to a liquid according to claim 7, wherein each of the baffles has a width of about 4 inches and a thickness of about 1 inch. 13. The system for supplying ozone to a liquid according to claim 1, wherein the mixing chamber includes an obstruction which reduces the transverse cross-sectional area of the mixing chamber by at least 30 percent and the transverse obstruction increases the percentage of the ozone dissolved within the liquid and in contact with the detergent to be in excess of about 80 percent. 14. The system for supplying ozone to a liquid according to claim 1, wherein the system further includes a control box for controlling operation of the pump, the ozone generator, a supply of fresh liquid to the reservoir to be ozonated and the discard of spent liquid from the reservoir. 15. The system for supplying ozone to a liquid according to claim 6, wherein each of the pair of driers comprises a tube drier having an inlet and an outlet, each tube drier includes a heater for supplying heat to evaporate any moisture removed from the air and a thermostat for controlling a temperature of the heater during operation of the tube drier, and an outlet of each one of the tube driers is connected to an air valve for controlling the flow of the air to an ozone cell of the ozone generator. 16. A system for supplying ozone to a liquid containing a detergent for removing a contaminant from the detergent to facilitate cleansing and reuse of the detergent, the system comprising: an ozone generator for generating ozone; a washing machine having a reservoir for containing a quantity of liquid containing the detergent; a venturi for injecting the liquid containing the detergent with the generated ozone, the venturi having an inlet and an outlet with an orifice being located between the inlet and the outlet, and the ozone generator being coupled to the orifice for supplying the generated ozone thereto; a pump, coupled to an outlet of the reservoir and to the inlet of the venturi, for pumping the liquid containing the detergent from the reservoir to the venturi, and the pump includes a filter for filtering the liquid containing the detergent prior to pumping the liquid containing the detergent to the venturi; the outlet of the venturi being connected to a return inlet of the reservoir by a return conduit for supplying the liquid containing the detergent and ozone back to the reservoir in a turbulent manner; a mixing chamber coupling the outlet of the venturi to the return conduit, and the mixing chamber and the return conduit causing sufficient mixing of the ozone supplied to the liquid containing the detergent to facilitate dissolving of any ozone bubbles and ozone pockets within the liquid containing the detergent to form a substantially uniform mixture of an ozonated liquid with the percentage of ozone in contact with the liquid containing the detergent to be in excess of about 60%; the washing machine having a sump coupled to the outlet of the reservoir and the return inlet of the reservoir supplies the liquid containing the detergent and the ozone to the reservoir; and the ozone generator comprising at least one drier for removing moisture from the air, and the at least one drier is connected to an ozone cell for supplying the dried air thereto and facilitating generation of ozone from the dried air. 17. The system for supplying ozone to a liquid according to claim 16, wherein the ozone generator comprises a pair of driers for removing moisture from the air and to increase an oxygen content of the air, and the pair of driers are connected to an ozone cell, via an air flow gauge, for supplying the dried air thereto and facilitating generation of ozone from the dried air, and a power supply is connected to the ozone generator to supply a voltage to the ozone cell and facilitate the generation of ozone. 18. The system for supplying ozone to a liquid according to claim 16, wherein the mixing chamber comprises an elongate chamber having an inlet and an outlet, the mixing chamber supports a plurality of baffles which induce a serpentine flow path of the liquid containing the detergent within the mixing chamber and facilitate mixing of the ozone within the liquid containing the detergent so as to increase the percentage of the ozone dissolved and in contact with the detergent to be in excess of about 80%. 19. The system for supplying ozone to a liquid according to claim 16, wherein the mixing chamber comprises an elongate chamber having an inlet and an outlet, the mixing chamber supports at least one screen extending transversely across a diameter of the mixing chamber, and the at least one screen enhances mixing of the ozone within the liquid containing the detergent and increases the percentage of the ozone dissolved within the liquid and in conta ct with the detergent to be in excess of about 80%. 20. A method of supplying ozone to a liquid containing a detergent for removing a contaminant from the detergent to facilitate cleansing and reuse of the detergent, said method comprising the steps of: generating ozone with an ozone generator; providing a reservoir for containing a quantity of the liquid containing the detergent; providing a venturi having an inlet and an outlet with an orifice being located between the inlet and the outlet, coupling the ozone generator to an orifice of the venturi for supplying the generated ozone thereto and injecting the liquid containing the detergent with the generated ozone via the orifice of the venture; coupling a pump to an outlet of the reservoir and to the inlet of the venturi for pumping liquid containing the detergent from the reservoir to the venturi; connecting the outlet of the venturi to a return inlet of the reservoir for supplying the liquid containing the detergent and ozone back to the reservoir in a turbulent fashion; and coupling a mixing chamber to the outlet of the venturi to the return inlet of the reservoir, and causing sufficient mixing, within the mixing chamber, to facilitate dissolving of any ozone bubbles and ozone pockets within the liquid containing the detergent to form a substantially uniform mixture of an ozonated liquid with the percentage of ozone in contact with the liquid containing the detergent to be in excess of about 60%. veguides,", Proceedings of the OSA Integrated Photonics Research Topical Meeting and Exhibit, Paper No. IWB3 (Jun. 11, 2001). Shmulovich et al., "Recent progress in Erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers," Bell Laboratories, 3 pages (1999). Tervonen, A., "Challenges and opportunities for integrated optics in optical networks," Part of the SPIE Conference in Integrated Optics Devices III, SPIE vol. 3620, pp. 2-11 (Jan. 1999). Ting et al., "Study of planarized sputter-deposited SiO2," J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 15(3) pp. 1105-1112 (May/Jun. 1978).