초록 ▼

A produce cleaning system (20) and process (10) that employs plural forms of energy in an ionic liquid-based washing system (22, 24, 26) is described. The washing system (22, 24, 26) includes employing solvents and solutes in the wash bath (24) which promote the conduction of electrical energy. The

A produce cleaning system (20) and process (10) that employs plural forms of energy in an ionic liquid-based washing system (22, 24, 26) is described. The washing system (22, 24, 26) includes employing solvents and solutes in the wash bath (24) which promote the conduction of electrical energy. The electrical energy can be applied to the produce in the wash bath (24) in various waveforms, such as a modulating wave superimposed on a carrier wave. Additionally, ultrasonic energy is employed to provide high-frequency mechanical pressure waves against the produce. The electrical energy and the mechanical energy combine to produce energy in the applicable resonant frequency range that acts to destroy or transform pathogens, dirt and synthetic molecules that may exist on the produce to either destroy them or render them harmless.

대표청구항 ▼

A produce cleaning system (20) and process (10) that employs plural forms of energy in an ionic liquid-based washing system (22, 24, 26) is described. The washing system (22, 24, 26) includes employing solvents and solutes in the wash bath (24) which promote the conduction of electrical energy. The

A produce cleaning system (20) and process (10) that employs plural forms of energy in an ionic liquid-based washing system (22, 24, 26) is described. The washing system (22, 24, 26) includes employing solvents and solutes in the wash bath (24) which promote the conduction of electrical energy. The electrical energy can be applied to the produce in the wash bath (24) in various waveforms, such as a modulating wave superimposed on a carrier wave. Additionally, ultrasonic energy is employed to provide high-frequency mechanical pressure waves against the produce. The electrical energy and the mechanical energy combine to produce energy in the applicable resonant frequency range that acts to destroy or transform pathogens, dirt and synthetic molecules that may exist on the produce to either destroy them or render them harmless. conducting material and phase having greater electronic conductivity than ionic conductivity. 8. The ceramic membrane structure of claim 7, wherein said ion conducting phase is formed of a first material having an oxygen ion conductivity greater than about 0.01 S/cm at 1000° C. in air and said mixed conducting phase is formed of a second material having an oxygen ion conductivity of greater than about 0.01 S/cm at 1000° C. in air and an electronic conductivity greater than about 0.02 S/cm at 1000° C. in air. 9. The ceramic membrane structure of claim 8, wherein said first material is a fluorite, a bismuth oxide, an apatite oxide, and mixtures thereof and said second material is a perovskite or a brownmillerite. 10. The ceramic membrane structure of claim 8, or claim 9, wherein on of said first and second materials is present within said mixture in an amount of no less than about 5% by volume and the other of the first and second materials is present within said mixture at no greater than about 95% by volume. 11. The ceramic membrane of claim 8 or claim 9, wherein one of said first and second materials is present within said mixture in an amount of no less than about 10% by volume and the other of the first and second materials is present within said mixture at no greater than about 90% by volume. 12. The method of claim 8 or claim 9, wherein one of said first and second materials is present within said mixture in an amount of no less tha