This invention is directed to lithium disilicate (Li2Si2O5) based glass-ceramics comprising silica, lithium oxide, alumina, potassium oxide and phosphorus pentoxide. The glass-ceramics are useful in the fabrication of single and multi-unit dental restorations (e.g. anterior bridges) made by heat pre
This invention is directed to lithium disilicate (Li2Si2O5) based glass-ceramics comprising silica, lithium oxide, alumina, potassium oxide and phosphorus pentoxide. The glass-ceramics are useful in the fabrication of single and multi-unit dental restorations (e.g. anterior bridges) made by heat pressing into refractory investment molds produced using lost wax techniques. The glass-ceramics have good pressability, i.e., the ability to be formed into dental articles by heat-pressing using commercially available equipment. In accordance with one embodiment directed to the process of making the glass-ceramics, the compositions herein are melted at about 1200° to about 1600° C., thereafter quenched (e.g., water quenched or roller quenched) or cast into steel molds, or alternately, cooled to the crystallization temperature. The resulting glass is heat-treated to form a glass-ceramic via a one or two step heat-treatment cycle preferably in the temperature range of about 400° to about 1100° C. The resulting glass ceramics are then pulverized into powder and used to form pressable pellets and/or blanks of desired shapes, sizes and structures which are later pressed into dental restorations. Alternatively, instead of forming into pressable pellets or blanks, the pulverized powder is used to form a dental restoration using the refractory die technique or platinum foil technique.
대표청구항▼
This invention is directed to lithium disilicate (Li2Si2O5) based glass-ceramics comprising silica, lithium oxide, alumina, potassium oxide and phosphorus pentoxide. The glass-ceramics are useful in the fabrication of single and multi-unit dental restorations (e.g. anterior bridges) made by heat pre
This invention is directed to lithium disilicate (Li2Si2O5) based glass-ceramics comprising silica, lithium oxide, alumina, potassium oxide and phosphorus pentoxide. The glass-ceramics are useful in the fabrication of single and multi-unit dental restorations (e.g. anterior bridges) made by heat pressing into refractory investment molds produced using lost wax techniques. The glass-ceramics have good pressability, i.e., the ability to be formed into dental articles by heat-pressing using commercially available equipment. In accordance with one embodiment directed to the process of making the glass-ceramics, the compositions herein are melted at about 1200° to about 1600° C., thereafter quenched (e.g., water quenched or roller quenched) or cast into steel molds, or alternately, cooled to the crystallization temperature. The resulting glass is heat-treated to form a glass-ceramic via a one or two step heat-treatment cycle preferably in the temperature range of about 400° to about 1100° C. The resulting glass ceramics are then pulverized into powder and used to form pressable pellets and/or blanks of desired shapes, sizes and structures which are later pressed into dental restorations. Alternatively, instead of forming into pressable pellets or blanks, the pulverized powder is used to form a dental restoration using the refractory die technique or platinum foil technique. re of a portion of the intervertebral disc to be treated to at least about 50° C. for at least two minutes. 11. A method according to claim 1 wherein the energy delivery device is sufficient to raise the temperature of a portion of the intervertebral disc to be treated to at least about 55° C. for at least three minutes. 12. A method of treating an intervertebral disc comprising: providing a catheter having an energy delivery device adjacent a distal end of the catheter; positioning the energy delivery device relative to the intervertebral disc; and delivering energy from an energy delivery device to the intervertebral disc to treat the intervertebral disc, the energy being delivered such that a greater amount of energy is delivered to an annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc than to a center of the intervertebral disc. 13. A method according to claim 12 wherein positioning the energy delivery device relative to the intervertebral disc is performed such that the energy delivery device does not pass through a central region of a nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc prior to delivering energy. 14. A method according to claim 12 wherein positioning the energy delivery device relative to the intervertebral disc comprises positioning the energy delivery device such that the energy treats a member of the group consisting of: a posterior medial, posterior lateral, anterior medial and anterior lateral region of the inner wall of the annulus fibrosus. 15. A method according to claim 12 wherein positioning the energy delivery device relative to the intervertebral disc comprises positioning the energy delivery device adjacent a site of an annular fissure. 16. A method according to claim 12 wherein delivering energy includes delivering thermal energy or electromagnetic energy. 17. A method according to claim 12 wherein delivering energy includes delivering a controlled amount of energy adjacent such that no vaporization occurs adjacent an inner wall of the intervertebral disc. 18. A method according to claim 12 wherein delivering energy includes delivering a controlled amount of energy such that no material other than water is removed adjacent an inner wall of the intervertebral disc. 19. A method according to claim 12 wherein delivering energy includes delivering a controlled amount of energy such that no destructive lesion is formed adjacent an inner wall of the intervertebral disc. 20. A method according to claim 12 wherein the energy delivery device is positioned adjacent an inner wall of the intervertebral disc when the energy is delivered. 21. A method according to claim 12 wherein the energy delivery device is sufficient to raise the temperature of a portion of the intervertebral disc to be treated to at least about 45-70° C. for a sufficient time to cause collagen to weld. 22. A method according to claim 12 wherein the energy delivery device is sufficient to raise the temperature of a portion of the intervertebral disc to be treated to at least about 50° C. for at least one minute. 23. A method according to claim 12 wherein the energy delivery device is sufficient to raise the temperature of a portion of the intervertebral disc to be treated to at least about 50° C. for at least two minutes. 24. A method according to claim 12 wherein the energy delivery device is sufficient to raise the temperature of a portion of the intervertebral disc to be treated to at least about 55° C. for at least three minutes. , GB; 1 567 122, GB; 1 355 373, GB; 1990-174859, JP; 1994-007454, JP; 1994-181993, JP; 1995-500272, JP; 1995-024688, JP; 1996-509899, JP; 1635980, SU; WO88/006026, WO; WO90/004982, WO; WO92/003107, WO; WO92/004097, WO; WO92/006734, WO; WO92/009246, WO; WO93/013825, WO; WO93/017636, WO; WO93/019803, WO; WO93/019804, WO; WO93/022984, WO; WO93/022986, WO; WO93/022989, WO; WO94/000179, WO; WO94/001483, WO; WO94/004097, WO; WO94/012136, WO; WO94/015549, WO; WO95/001466, WO; WO95/005131, WO; WO95/005132, WO; WO95/009586, WO; WO95/021592, WO; WO95/026695, WO; WO96/010967, WO; WO96/018360, WO; WO96/018361, WO; WO96/024306, WO; WO97/021402, WO; WO97/021403, WO; WO97/021641, WO; WO98/030173, WO
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