IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
|
출원번호 |
US-0691081
(2000-10-18)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Patterson, James A.
- Furlong, Louis E.
- Gruber, Martin J.
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대리인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
8 인용 특허 :
44 |
초록
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A process and apparatus for treating the heavy hydrogen isotope content of the contaminated water by contacting the contaminated water with a molecular separation material including a support medium carrying a plurality of hydration sites having associated waters of hydration, whereby a portion of t
A process and apparatus for treating the heavy hydrogen isotope content of the contaminated water by contacting the contaminated water with a molecular separation material including a support medium carrying a plurality of hydration sites having associated waters of hydration, whereby a portion of the waters of hydration are replaced with heavy hydrogen isotope water molecules from the contaminated water. The hydrogen isotope water molecule content of the contaminated water is thus decreased. The molecular separation material is preferably a polymer, such as a polystyrene/divinyl benzene cross-linked polymer, having hydration sites with associated waters of hydration. Preferred hydration sites are obtained by reacting the polymer, which has been sulfonated or phosphonated to create reactive sites, with a salt of, for example, aluminum, sodium, magnesium, copper, zinc, cobalt, iron, nickel, manganese, potassium and chromium. Before or during contact with the molecular separation material, the contaminated water may be brought into contact with a separation membrane selectively permeable to light water molecules relative to hydrogen isotope water molecules, to remove light water molecules from the water, thereby increasing the concentration of said hydrogen isotope molecules.
대표청구항
▼
A process and apparatus for treating the heavy hydrogen isotope content of the contaminated water by contacting the contaminated water with a molecular separation material including a support medium carrying a plurality of hydration sites having associated waters of hydration, whereby a portion of t
A process and apparatus for treating the heavy hydrogen isotope content of the contaminated water by contacting the contaminated water with a molecular separation material including a support medium carrying a plurality of hydration sites having associated waters of hydration, whereby a portion of the waters of hydration are replaced with heavy hydrogen isotope water molecules from the contaminated water. The hydrogen isotope water molecule content of the contaminated water is thus decreased. The molecular separation material is preferably a polymer, such as a polystyrene/divinyl benzene cross-linked polymer, having hydration sites with associated waters of hydration. Preferred hydration sites are obtained by reacting the polymer, which has been sulfonated or phosphonated to create reactive sites, with a salt of, for example, aluminum, sodium, magnesium, copper, zinc, cobalt, iron, nickel, manganese, potassium and chromium. Before or during contact with the molecular separation material, the contaminated water may be brought into contact with a separation membrane selectively permeable to light water molecules relative to hydrogen isotope water molecules, to remove light water molecules from the water, thereby increasing the concentration of said hydrogen isotope molecules. In a combination according to claim 1, the improved connection wherein: a) the face element comprises a concrete member; b) the anchor is integrally formed in the concrete member; and c) the opening comprises a bore disposed generally vertically in the concrete member. 5. In combination with a welded wire soil reinforcing mat having a pair of adjacent longitudinal wires for extension into a formation to be reinforced and a face element for disposition at the face of the formation; an improved connection for securing the mat to the face element, comprising: a) extended portions of said longitudinal wires converging toward one another and terminating distally in portions adjacent one another; b) a connecting rod secured between said portions, said rod having an end extending from said portions; c) an anchor disposed on said face element, said anchor having an opening receiving the end of the connecting rod; d) means securing the end against separation from the opening; and wherein: i. the end extends in a direction generally normal to the longitudinal wires; ii. the opening in the anchor is disposed generally vertically and the end extends through the opening for rotation relative to the anchor about a generally vertical axis; and iii. the means securing the end against separation from the opening comprises a hooked portion on the end disposed for engagement beneath the anchor. 6. In combination with a welded wire soil reinforcing mat having a pair of adjacent longitudinal wires for extension into a formation to be reinforced and a face element for disposition at the face of the formation; an improved connection for securing the mat to the face element, comprising: a) extended portions of said longitudinal wires converging toward one another and terminating distally in portions adjacent one another; b) a connecting rod secured between said portions, said rod having an end extending from said portions; c) an anchor disposed on said face element, said anchor having an opening receiving the end of the connecting rod; d) means securing the end against separation from the opening; and wherein: i. a coil is welded between the portions, said coil having an open passage extending therethrough; and ii. the connecting rod extends through the passage. 7. In a combination according to claim 6, the improved connection wherein the connecting rod is threadably engaged with the passage of the coil. 8. In a combination according to claim 6, the improved connection wherein the connecting rod extends slidably through the passage and is formed at one end with a head disposed in abutting engagement with one end of the coil and the end of the connecting rod extends from an end of the coil opposite said one end. 9. In a combination according to claim 6, wherein: a) the longitudinal wires are disposed in a generally horizontal plane; b) the passage through the coil is disposed in the generally horizontal plane; and c) the end of the connecting rod extends at generally a right angle to the horizontal plane. 10. In combination with a welded wire soil reinforcing mat having a pair of adjacent longitudinal wires for extension into a formation to be reinforced and a face element for disposition at the face of the formation; an improved connection for securing the mat to the face element, comprising: a) extended portions of said longitudinal wires converging toward one another and terminating distally in portions adjacent one another; b) a connecting rod secured between said portions, said rod having an end extending from said portions; c) an anchor disposed on said face element, said anchor having an opening receiving the end of the connecting rod; d) means securing the end against separation from the opening; and wherein: i. the face element comprises a concrete member; ii. the anchor comprises a recess integrally formed in an upper surface of the concrete member; iii. the opening comprises a bore disposed
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