초록 ▼

A breathing circuit of the closed circuit type has improved means for removing water vapor to prevent condensation within the circuit. A dryer is placed in the breathing circuit, downstream of the CO2absorber, for removing water vapor from the breathing gases, including that entrained in the breathi

A breathing circuit of the closed circuit type has improved means for removing water vapor to prevent condensation within the circuit. A dryer is placed in the breathing circuit, downstream of the CO2absorber, for removing water vapor from the breathing gases, including that entrained in the breathing gases during passage through the CO2absorber. The dryer may utilize a thermoelectric cooling element or a water vapor permeable membrane.

대표청구항 ▼

A breathing circuit of the closed circuit type has improved means for removing water vapor to prevent condensation within the circuit. A dryer is placed in the breathing circuit, downstream of the CO2absorber, for removing water vapor from the breathing gases, including that entrained in the breathi

A breathing circuit of the closed circuit type has improved means for removing water vapor to prevent condensation within the circuit. A dryer is placed in the breathing circuit, downstream of the CO2absorber, for removing water vapor from the breathing gases, including that entrained in the breathing gases during passage through the CO2absorber. The dryer may utilize a thermoelectric cooling element or a water vapor permeable membrane. top of the storage vessel and substantially enclosing the molten metal receiving chamber, and wherein the cover defines a plurality of openings corresponding to the plurality of vertically extending chambers for receiving, respectively, a plurality of molten metal injectors into the plurality of vertically extending chambers. 7. The holder furnace of claim 1, wherein the sealing layer further lines the molten metal receiving chamber, and wherein the at least one furnace insulating layer includes a plurality of furnace insulating layers positioned between the sealing layer and the sidewalls and bottom wall of the storage vessel. 8. The holder furnace of claim 1, wherein the sealing layer comprises an alumina fiber mat. 9. The holder furnace of claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger block is made of one of graphite and silicon carbide. 10. The holder furnace of claim 1, wherein the electrical heaters extend between opposite sidewalls of the storage vessel and through the heat exchanger block, wherein the continuous heating element of each of the electrical heaters extends through at least one of the opposite sidewalls, the at least one furnace insulating layer, and extends at least partially through the heat exchanger block, and wherein the electrical heaters each further include respective tubes extending through the opposite sidewalls, the at least one furnace insulating layer, and extending at least partially into opposite faces of the heat exchanger block, with the heating element of each of the electrical heaters extending at least partially through the tubes, respectively. 11. The holder furnace of claim 10, further including sealing gaskets positioned within the heat exchanger block, and wherein the sealing gaskets cooperate, respectively, with ends of the tubes extending into the opposite faces of the heat exchanger block for preventing molten metal from leaking into the tubes and contacting the heating element of the electrical heaters. 12. The holder furnace of claim 11, wherein the tubes are ceramic insulating tubes and are each surrounded by a layer of ceramic fiber rope for preventing molten metal from the supply of molten metal from leaking into the ceramic insulating tubes and contacting the heating element of the electrical heaters. 13. The holder furnace of claim 12, further including flange plates attached, respectively, to the ceramic insulating tubes at the opposite sidewalls of the storage vessel, and wherein the ceramic insulating tubes are held in compression against the opposite sidewalls of the storage vessel by the flange plates and mechanical fasteners. 14. The holder furnace of claim 10, further comprising a source of inert gas in fluid communication with the heat exchanger block through the tubes such that the heating element of the electrical heaters operates substantially in an inert gas atmosphere during operation of the holder furnace. 15. A heat exchanger block for use in combination with a holder furnace comprising a storage vessel defining a molten metal receiving chamber lined with at least one furnace insulating layer and a sealing layer completely lining the molten metal receiving chamber, the heat exchanger block comprising: a thermally conductive block having a top face, bottom face, and side faces; a plurality of continuous electrically resistive heating elements extending into the thermally conductive block and including a portion projecting outward from one of the side faces of the thermally conductive block; a first plurality of tubes positioned, respectively, about the portion of the heating elements projecting outward from the thermally conductive block, with the first plurality of tubes extending at least partially into the thermally conductive block; and a first plurality of sealing gaskets located within the thermally conductive block and positioned, respectively, adjacent ends of the first plurality of tubes extending into the thermally conductive block, with the sealing gas