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An apparatus and method for the photocatalytic purification and ultrapurification of water. Water containing organic, inorganic and/or biological contaminants is directed through an open cell, three dimensionally reticulated, fluid permeable, semiconductor unit. Within the unit, a semiconductor surf

An apparatus and method for the photocatalytic purification and ultrapurification of water. Water containing organic, inorganic and/or biological contaminants is directed through an open cell, three dimensionally reticulated, fluid permeable, semiconductor unit. Within the unit, a semiconductor surface capable of promoting electrons from its valence band to its conduction band, when exposed to a photoactivating light source, removes the contaminants through a photocatalytic reaction.

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An apparatus and method for the photocatalytic purification and ultrapurification of water. Water containing organic, inorganic and/or biological contaminants is directed through an open cell, three dimensionally reticulated, fluid permeable, semiconductor unit. Within the unit, a semiconductor surf

An apparatus and method for the photocatalytic purification and ultrapurification of water. Water containing organic, inorganic and/or biological contaminants is directed through an open cell, three dimensionally reticulated, fluid permeable, semiconductor unit. Within the unit, a semiconductor surface capable of promoting electrons from its valence band to its conduction band, when exposed to a photoactivating light source, removes the contaminants through a photocatalytic reaction. flocculant/coagulant. 16. A process according to claim 15 in which the flocculant/coagulant is a water soluble polymer. 17. A process according to claim 14 in which the cationic polymer is formed from a water soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer or water soluble blend of ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising at least one cationic monomer. 18. A process according to claim 14 in which the cationic polymer is a branched cationic polymer which has an intrinsic viscosity above 3 dl/g and exhibits a rheological oscillation value of tan delta at 0.005 Hz of above 0.7. 19. A process according to claim 14 in which the cationic polymer has an intrinsic viscosity above 3 dl/g and exhibits a rheological oscillation value of tan delta at 0.005 Hz of above 1.1. 20. A process according to claim 1 in which the suspension is subjected to mechanical shear following the addition of at least one of the components of the flocculating system. 21. A process according to claim 1 in which the suspension is first flocculated by introducing the cationic polymer, optionally subjecting the suspension to mechanical shear and then reflocculating the suspension by introducing the polymeric microparticle and siliceous material. 22. A process according to claim 1 in which the cellulosic suspension is reflocculated by introducing the siliceous material and then the polymeric microparticle. 23. A process according to claim 22 in which the cellulosic suspension is reflocculated by introducing the polymeric microparticle and then the siliceous material. 24. A process according to claim 1 in which the cellulosic suspension comprises filler. 25. A process according to claim 24 in which the cellulosic suspension comprises filler in an amount up to 40% by weight based on dry weight of suspension. 26. A process according to claim 24 in which the filler material is selected from precipitated calcium carbonate, ground calcium carbonate, clay and titanium dioxide. 27. A process according to claim 1 in which the cellulosic suspension is substantially free of filler. rate material comprising a plurality of inorganic core particles having an observable surface microstructure, the powdered substrate material selected from the group consisting of MgF2/Al/MgF2platelets, SiO2/Al/SiO2platelets, solgel-SiO2/Al/SiO2-solgel platelets, interference glass flakes, and combinations thereof; and a coalescence film of one or more layers of a light absorbing material substantially surrounding the core particles of the substrate material, the coalescence film substantially replicating the surface microstructure of the core particles. 17. The pigment composition of claim 16, wherein the MgF2,SiO2,and solgel-SiO2layers of the platelets have an optical thickness of about 2 quarter waves at about 400 nm to about 8 quarter waves at about 700 nm. 18. The pigment composition of claim 16, wherein the coalescence film comprises a material selected from the group consisting of metals, oxides, sub-oxides, nitrides, oxynitrides, borides, sulfides, carbides, and combinations thereof. 19. The pigment composition of claim 16, wherein the coalescence film comprises a material selected from the group consisting of chromium, titanium, palladium, tin, aluminum, silicon, carbon, copper, cobalt, nickel, titanium silicide, Hastelloys, Monels, Inconels, Nichromes, stainless steels, and combinations thereof. 20. The pigment composition of claim 16, wherein the coalescence film has a thickness from about 30 .ANG. to about 150 .ANG.. 21. The pigment composition of claim 16, wherein the coalescence film comprises alternating layers of two different absorber materials. 22. The pigment composition of claim 21, wherein the alternating layers of two different absorber materials are selected from the group consisting of Ti/C, Pd/C, Zr/C, Nb/C, Al/C, Cu/C, Ti/W, Ti/Nb, Ti/Si, Al/Si, Pd/Cu, Co/Ni, and Cr/Ni. 23. The pigment composition of claim 16, wherein the coalescence film comprises chromium. 24. The pigment composition of claim 16, wherein-the coalescence film comprises titanium silicide. 25. The pigment composition of claim 16, wherein the coalescence film comprises alternating layers of titanium and carbon. 26. A colorant composition, comprising: a pigment medium; and a powdered pigment material dispersed in the pigment medium, the pigment material comprising: a plurality of inorganic core particles having an observable